Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Ethanol (E85) 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 6 8 11 16 22 19 24 22 31 31 36 34 72 62 84 90 84 66 45 53 40 25 14 17
CNG (Dedicated and Bi-Fuel) 0 2 2 2 10 10 9 12 16 15 16 18 16 16 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 6 11 19 17 12 9 9 7 10 4 0
Diesel 17 14 5 12 13 12 11 11 7 3 3 4 4 7 8 6 7 6 12 14 16 17 22 35 39 29 21 38 30 20 25 22
Electricity* 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 8 16 12 10 6 5 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 6 15 16 27 29 51 57 72 83 95 132
Hybrid Electric 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 3 3 8 8 11 16 19 20 29 31 38 43 46 31 44 43 64 81 127 149
Propane (Dedicated and Bi-Fuel) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 2 5 5 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 6 14 10 5 8 7 7 8 4 0
Hydrogen 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 4 4 5 5
Methanol (M85) 2 2 4 2 2 1 1
Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (all years for AFVs); FuelEconomy.gov (all years for diesels, count all models and transmission types)
Notes: *“Electricity" includes both all-electric vehicles and PHEVs but does not include neighborhood electric vehicles, low-speed electric vehicles, or two-wheeled electric vehicles. Only full-sized vehicles sold in the United States and capable of 60 mph are listed.
This chart shows the number of light-duty alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and diesel models offered by vehicle manufacturers from 1991 through 2022. Vehicles capable of using E85 (up to 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) have represented the largest share of models offered from 2003 until 2017, when electric vehicles (EVs, which include both all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles [PHEVs]) overtook them. This was largely because the technology required for E85 vehicles is comparatively inexpensive and compatible with gasoline vehicles. 2016 was the first quantitative decrease in the number of new AFVs offered after 5 years of steady increases. Contributing factors to this decrease could be low gasoline prices, the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal, and the phase-out of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) credits for flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs). Since then, increases in EV offerings have made up for and surpassed the loss in E85 offerings.

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