Alternative Fuels Data Center: Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel

Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (all years for AFVs); FuelEconomy.gov (all years for diesels, count all models and transmission types)

Notes: “Electricity" includes both all-electric vehicles and PHEVs but does not include neighborhood electric vehicles, low-speed electric vehicles, or two-wheeled electric vehicles. Only full-sized vehicles sold in the United States and capable of 60 mph are listed.

This chart shows the number of light-duty alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and diesel models offered by vehicle manufacturers from 1991 through 2024. Vehicles capable of using E85 (up to 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) represented the largest share of models offered from 2003 until 2017, when electric vehicles (EVs, which include both all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles [PHEVs]) overtook them. This was largely because the technology required for E85 vehicles is comparatively inexpensive and compatible with gasoline vehicles. 2016 saw the first quantitative decrease in the number of new AFVs offered after 5 years of steady increases. Contributing factors to this decrease could be low gasoline prices, the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal, and the phase-out of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) credits for flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs). Since then, increases in EV offerings have made up for and surpassed the loss in E85 offerings. AFVs increased year over year from 2016 until 2023, where it followed the overall decrease in all vehicle model offerings after the COVID pandemic saw record high demand for vehicles until 2022.

To view more details, notes, and acronyms, please download the Excel spreadsheet.

	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024
Ethanol (E85)	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	2	6	8	11	16	22	19	24	22	31	31	36	34	72	62	84	90	84	66	45	53	40	25	14	17	10	5
CNG (Dedicated and Bi-Fuel)	0	2	2	2	10	10	9	12	16	15	16	18	16	16	5	5	1	1	1	1	1	6	11	19	17	12	9	9	7	10	4	0	0	0
Diesel	17	14	5	12	13	12	11	11	7	3	3	4	4	7	8	6	7	6	12	14	16	17	22	35	39	29	21	38	30	20	25	22	22	20
Electricity	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	8	16	12	10	6	5	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	6	15	16	27	29	51	57	72	83	95	132	116	149
Hybrid Electric	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	3	3	3	8	8	11	16	19	20	29	31	38	43	46	31	44	43	64	81	127	149	127	143
Propane (Dedicated and Bi-Fuel)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	5	2	5	5	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	6	14	10	5	8	7	7	8	4	0	0	0
Hydrogen																						1	1	2	3	3	2	2	4	4	5	5	5	5
Methanol (M85)	2	2	4	2	2	1	1