Recent State Updates

The Golden State Priority Project, funded by the California Energy Commission as part of the California Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Project (CALeVIP), offers rebates for the purchase and installation of direct current fast charging (DCFCs) stations. Rebates will fund 50% of project costs, up to the following amounts:

Eligible applicants include businesses, non-profit organizations, tribal governments, or government entities. Applicants may receive rebates for a maximum of 20 DCFC connectors. Qualifying installation sites must be accessible to the public 24 hours a day in underserved and low-income census tracts located in Central or Eastern California. For more information, including additional eligibility requirements, see the CALeVIP Golden State Priority Project website.

The Energy Infrastructure Incentives for Zero-Emission Commercial Vehicles (EnergIIZE), funded by the California Energy Commission, offers grants for the purchase and installation of ZEV infrastructure for MHD electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. Eligible applicants include commercial fleets and station owners. Incentive amounts vary based on project type. Increased incentive amounts are available for commercial fleets that operate in low-income and underserved communities. For more information, including eligible project types and funding amounts, see the EnergIIZE website.

The Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) Public Bus Set-Aside Program, funded by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the California Energy Commission (CEC), offers grants for the purchase of new zero emission school buses to replace fossil fuel-powered buses. Grants awards vary based on vehicle type and are available in the following amounts:

Eligible applicants include public school districts, public charter schools, joint power authorities, county offices of education, and the Division of State Special Schools of the California Department of Education. For more information, including funding priorities and availability, see the HVIP CFIP ProgramPublic School Bus Set-Aside website.

Qualified EVs titled and registered in Colorado are eligible for a tax credit. Light-duty EVs purchased or leased before January 1, 2029, are eligible for a tax credit equal to the amounts below, per calendar year:

Light-duty EVs purchased or leased between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2029, with a manufacturer’s suggested retail price below $35,000 may receive an additional tax credit of $2,500.

The credit amount for any qualifying truck is limited to the difference in manufacturer’s suggested retail price between the qualifying truck and a comparable truck that operates on either gasoline or diesel fuel. Eligible purchased vehicles must be new, and eligible leased vehicles must have a lease term of not less than two years. A purchaser may assign the tax credit generated through the purchase or lease to any of the above categories of vehicle to the financing entity, allowing the purchaser to realize the value of the tax credit at the time of purchase or lease. The financing entity may collect an administrative fee of no more than $250.

For more information, see the Colorado Department of Revenue Individual Income Tax Guidance Publications website.

(Reference Colorado Revised Statutes 39-22-516.5, 39-22-516.7, and 39-22-516.8 and House Bill 1272, 2023)

HCE offers commercial customers a loan for the purchase and installation of an EV charging station. Customers must repay the loan through their monthly electricity bill. For more information, including how to apply, see the HCE Charge at Work website.

EV charging stations are exempt from property tax until January 1, 2030.

(Reference House Bill 1233, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 38-12-601 and 39-3-138)

By March 1, 2024, the Colorado State Electrical Board (Board) must adopt rules to facilitate EV charging station development at multi-family housing and require permit compliance with the EV power transfer infrastructure requirements in the Model Electric Ready and Solar Ready Code. For more information, see the Energy Code Board website.

(Reference House Bill 1233, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 12-115-107, 24-38.5-401, and 24-38.5-401)

For the purpose of any minimum parking requirements imposed by a board of county commissioners; any parking space served by an EV charging station or any parking space to site EV charging equipment must count as at least one standard automobile parking space. Similarly, any van-accessible parking space that is designed to accommodate a person in a wheelchair, is served by an EV charging station, must count as at least two standard automobile spaces. This requirement does not apply to dedicated handicap spaces.

(Reference House Bill 1233, 2023 and 30-28-140 and 42-4-1208)

The Colorado Department of Transportation may collaborate with public or private entities to develop EV charging stations along state highway rights-of-way, including rest areas.

(Reference House Bill 1233, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 38-12-601 and 43-3-101)

The Department of Military and Veteran affairs may charge a fee for using EV charging stations at any National Guard facility to fund ongoing maintenance and operation of the equipment.

(Reference House Bill 236, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 28-3-110)

By September 1, 2023, the Public Utilities Commission (Commission) must begin researching clean hydrogen production projects. By December 1, 2024, the Commission must establish greenhouse gas emissions requirements for clean hydrogen producers and production projects.

(Reference House Bill 1281, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 39-22-557, 40-2-125.5, and 40-2-138)

Hydrogen fuel producers may receive a tax credit equal to up to $1 per kilogram (kg) for the use of clean hydrogen in “hard-to-decarbonize” sectors of the economy, including heavy-duty vehicle transportation. Clean hydrogen is defined as hydrogen that is derived from a clean energy resource or uses water as the source of the hydrogen. For more information, see the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies Tax Credit Certificates website.

(Reference House Bill 1281, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 39-22-557, 40-2-125.5, and 40-2-138)

Colorado has adopted the California Advanced Clean Trucks requirements specified in Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, requiring manufacturers to meet California ZEV production and sales requirements. Beginning with model year 2027, manufacturers will be required to sell zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their annual sales for Class 2b through Class 8 vehicles in Colorado. ZEVs include all-electric and fuel cell electric vehicles. For more information, see the Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment Clean Trucking website.

(Reference 5 Code of Colorado Regulations 1001-24)

Beginning July 1, 2026, EV charging stations sold in Colorado must be ENERGY STAR certified. For more information, see the ENERGY STAR EV Chargers website.

(Reference House Bill 1161, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 38-35.7-109)

A housing association (association) may not prohibit the installation of a Level 1 or Level 2 EV charging station for personal use within the EV charging station owner’s designated parking space or a parking space accessible to other tenants. In addition, an association may not assess or charge an EV charging station owner any fee for the placement or use of an EV charging station in the owner’s unit, except for the cost of electricity. Tenants must comply with safety requirements, registration agreements, and reasonable aesthetic provisions. The unit owner must agree to comply with design specifications, hire a licensed and registered electrical contractor, pay for installation and maintenance costs, and obtain appropriate insurance for the charging station.

(Reference House Bill 1233, 2023 and Colorado Revised Statutes 38-12-601)

The Connecticut Hydrogen and Electric Automobile Purchase Rebate Program (CHEAPR) offers point-of-sale rebates of up to $9,500 for the incremental cost of the purchase or lease of a FCEV, EV, or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The manufacturer suggested retail price for new eligible vehicles may not exceed $50,000.

CHEAPR offers an additional rebate, Rebate Plus, for qualifying individuals who purchase or lease a new or pre-owned eligible vehicle. Rebate Plus applicants must reside in an environmental justice community or distressed municipality, participate in a qualifying state or federal income program, or have an income at least 300% below the federal poverty line. The CHEAPR rebate may only be combined with the Rebate Plus for the purchase or lease of new vehicles.

Rebates are available on a first-come, first-served basis. For more information, see the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection CHEAPR website.

(Reference Connecticut General Statutes 22a-202)

By December 31, 2024, the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) must develop and approve a hydrogen strategic plan that recommends policies, programs, and regulations to support Connecticut’s hydrogen economy. The strategic plan must, among other things, prioritize the use of hydrogen in the transportation sector and assess the cost difference between using hydrogen and fossil fuels in transportation and other sectors.

The Commissioner of DEEP and the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development must collaborate to pursue federal funding opportunities for state hydrogen projects.

(Reference House Bill 6851, 2023)

The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) offers rebates for the purchase or lease of an EV or PHEV. EVs may receive a rebate of up to $2,500, and PHEVs may receive a rebate of up to $1,000. Individuals may receive a maximum of two rebates. Businesses, non-profit organizations, government entities, educational institutions, and other organizations may receive a maximum of six rebates. For more information, including program eligibility and requirements, see the DNREC Drive Electric website.

(Reference House Bill 12, 2023 and Delaware Revised Statutes 29-80.64)

Beginning July 1, 2025, the Delaware Department of Education (DOE) must purchase an increasing share of electric school buses with annual school bus acquisitions. Electric school bus acquisitions must increase according to the following schedule:

The DOE must report on these targets annually to the Clerk of the House of Representatives, the Secretary of the Senate, the Director of the Division of Research, and the Public Archives. By January 31, 2030, the DOE must submit a report detailing recommendations for future changes in the percentage targets for electric school bus purchases.

(Reference House Bill 10, 2023 and Delaware Revised Statutes 29-80.63)

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) must coordinate with related federal, regional, local, and industry partners to establish standards to grade the compatibility of the State Highway System with AVs. FDOT must consider the structural adequacy and safety of each road and the challenges they may present to AVs. The standards established by FDOT must be incorporated into transportation projects that involve the construction of new roads or maintenance of existing roads on the State Highway System.

(Reference House Bill 425, 2023 and Florida Statutes 316.82)

FPL offers to purchase, install, operate, and maintain direct current fast charging EV charging stations on commercial properties at no cost to the site host. For more information, see the FPL EVolution Public website.

FPL offers advisory services to fleets to analyze electrification opportunities. FPL will also design, purchase, install, operate, and maintain fleet EV charging stations for a fixed monthly fee. For more information, see the FPL EVolution Fleet website.

The FPL Evolution Home program provides residential customers with electrical upgrades and a Level 2 EV charging station for a flat monthly fee. The fee covers make-ready costs and EV charging station installation and maintenance. For more information, see the FPL EVolution Home website.

Beginning July 1, 2025, the owner of an all-electric vehicle (EV) may elect to pay an annual mileage-based road usage fee in lieu of paying an additional registration fee. The fee is $0.08 per mile, up to $50 per year.

Beginning June 30, 2028, the additional registration fee expires, and all EV owners must pay the state mileage-based road usage charge. Additional conditions apply. For more information, see the Hawaii Department of Transportation Road Usage Charge Demonstration website.

(Reference Senate Bill 1534, 2023)

Beginning January 1, 2024, new construction of single-family homes must include a minimum of one EV-capable parking spot. New single-family homes or small multifamily dwellings that qualify as affordable housing must have one EV-capable parking space per dwelling.

Beginning March 31, 2024, all parking spaces at newly constructed or renovated large multifamily dwellings must be EV-capable.

Building permits for affordable housing single-family and multifamily developments must meet the following benchmarks to support the development of EV-capable parking spaces:

• Beginning January 1, 2026, 40% of parking spaces must be EV-capable;

• Beginning January 1, 2029, 50% of parking spaces must be EV-capable; and,

• Beginning January 1, 2034, 70% of parking spaces must be EV-capable.

EV-capable parking spaces have electric panel capacity and conduit to support a Level 2 EV charging station. Additional requirements apply.

(Reference Senate Bill 40, 2023)

Beginning January 1, 2024, condominium or common interest associations may not prohibit or restrict the installation or use of EV charging stations in a unit owner’s designated parking space. Associations may put reasonable restrictions on EV charging stations, but the policies may not increase the cost of the EV charging station or decrease its performance. Homeowners must comply with applicable health and safety codes and architectural standards, engage a licensed installation contractor, and provide a certificate of insurance. The unit owner is responsible for the cost of electricity consumption; the installation, operation, maintenance, repair, removal, or replacement of the station in their parking space; and any resulting damage to the EV charging station or surrounding area. Associations may also install EV charging stations in common areas for all unit owners and members of the association to use. Additional requirements apply.

(Reference Senate Bill 40, 2023)

Beginning January 1, 2024, a tenant may install a Level 1 or Level 2 EV charging station at a parking space allotted for the lessee. Landlords may require reimbursement for electricity consumption by the EV charging station, charge a fee for access if the EV charging station is part of a network, and charge a security deposit to cover the cost of restoring the property to its original condition if the tenant removes the EV charging station. The landlord may also require reimbursement for any wiring or electrical upgrades necessary to support the EV charging station. Renters must comply with applicable health and safety codes and architectural standards, engage a licensed installation contractor, and provide a certificate of insurance. Additional requirements apply.

(Reference Senate Bill 40, 2023)

Retailers selling biodiesel blends are eligible for a state income tax credit. Credit amounts are based on biodiesel blend level and available in the following amounts:

The tax credit expires January 1, 2028.

(Reference Iowa Code 422.11P and House File 2128, 2022)

Qualified biodiesel producers are eligible for a tax credit of $0.04 per gallon of biodiesel produced. Biodiesel producers may claim the tax credit for up to 250,000 gallons of biodiesel. The tax credit expires January 1, 2028.

(Reference Iowa Code 423.4(9))

The Iowa Economic Development Authority (IEDA) Energy Infrastructure Revolving Loan Program (EIRLP) provides individuals, businesses, and utilities with low-interest loans for energy infrastructure projects that facilitate electricity, biofuel, and renewable natural gas transmission, storage, or distribution. For more information, see the IEDA EIRLP website.

(Reference Iowa Administrative Code 261.406)

The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Steward (Department) must inspect EV charging stations owned by licensed electric fuel dealers or users on a biennial basis to ensure electricity is being accurately metered. The Department must use standards published in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook 44 and must notify the Iowa Department of Revenue of noncompliant charging stations.

Entergy offers residential customers in New Orleans a $7 monthly rebate to charge EVs during off-peak hours. Additional conditions apply. For more information, see the Entergy Energy Smart Bring Your Own Charger website.

The Louisiana Commission of Weights and Measures (Commission) is authorized to regulate the use of commercial metering and measuring devices, including those used to determine the amount of electricity supplied from EV charging stations. The Commission may conduct investigations and hold hearings related to the use of these devices.

(Reference Louisiana Revised Statutes 3:4602 and 3:4604 and House Bill 60, 2023)

Efficiency Maine’s EV Accelerator provides rebates to Maine residents, businesses, government entities, and tribal governments for the purchase or lease of a new EV or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) at participating Maine dealerships. Rebate amounts are based on participant type:

Qualified low-income residents are also eligible for a rebate of up to $2,500 for the purchase of a used EV or PHEV. Eligible vehicles must be purchased or leased between December 21, 2020, and December 31, 2023. The program is funded by Maine’s portion of the Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Trust. For more information, including eligible vehicles and preapproval requirements, see Efficiency Maine’s EV Initiatives website.

(Reference Maine Revised Statutes Title 35-A, Section 10126)

The Commissioner of Transportation must establish a working group to study accessible EV charging stations. The working group must develop a document that simplifies the United States Access Board’s Design Recommendations for Accessible EV Charging Stations report for individuals interested in the design and installation of EV charging stations. Additionally, the working group must recommend EV charging stations accessibility standards and how those standards should be incorporated into local code standards. The Commissioner of Transportation must submit a report that includes that working group’s recommendations by January 3, 2024.

(Reference House Bill 467, 2023)

Maine Governor’s Energy Office (Office) may petition the Maine Public Utilities Commission (MPUC) to procure energy from renewable resources to achieve emission reduction and renewable energy goals to meet electricity demand. MPUC must also conduct a study on cost-effective consumer financing of beneficial electrification productions, including EV charging station equipment. The study must analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various financing methods, and MPUC must submit a report of their findings to the Joint Standing Committee on Energy, Utilities and Technology by January 5, 2024.

(Reference Senate Bill 1724, 2023)

Efficiency Maine must assess the feasibility of implementing a V2G pilot project for electric school buses within the Wells-Ogunquit Community School District. Efficiency Maine must evaluate the cost effectiveness of the pilot project, ways to minimize costs and maximize ratepayer benefits, the cost of grid interconnection, and whether a V2G pilot project could be implemented within Efficiency Maine’s budget. By January 15, 2024, Efficiency Maine must submit a report of their findings and recommendations to the Joint Standing Committee on Energy, Utilities, and Technology.

(Reference House Bill 519, 2023)

Maryland has adopted the California motor vehicle emissions standards and compliance requirements specified in Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. Manufacturers must meet the greenhouse gas emissions standard and the ZEV production and sales requirements. The Maryland Department of Environment may adopt regulations to exempt certain vehicles from the program, including motor vehicles sold for registration outside of Maryland and motor vehicles that would be exempt from the LEV program established under California law.

Beginning September 1, 2023, Maryland will adopt the California vehicle emissions standards and compliance requirements set forth in the California Air Resources Board Advanced Clean Cars II regulation.

For more information, see the Maryland Clean Cars Program website.

(Reference Maryland Statutes, Environment Code 2-1101 through 2-1106)

By December 1, 2023, Maryland must adopt the California Advanced Clean Trucks requirements specified in Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, requiring manufacturers to meet California ZEV production and sales requirements. Beginning with model year 2027, manufacturers will be required to sell zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their annual sales for Class 2b through Class 8 vehicles in Maryland. ZEVs include all-electric and fuel cell electric vehicles.

(Reference House Bill 230, 2023, Maryland Statutes, State Government Code 9-2011, and Maryland Statutes, Environment Code 2-1103.1)

Investor-owned utilities (IOUs) participating in the Maryland Public Service Commission (PSC) EV Pilot Program may install public Level 2 EV charging stations on local, municipal, or state government property. Beginning October 1, 2023, IOUs that participate in the PSC EV Pilot Program may install Level 2 EV charging stations at multi-unit dwellings in underserved communities. Additionally, IOUs must maintain EV charging station uptime in accordance with the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program requirements or standards and requirements set by the PSC.

(Reference House Bill 834, 2023, Public Service Commission Order 88997 – Case No. 9478, and Maryland Statutes Public Utilities Code 7-901 through 7-905)

MPGA offers residents and fleets a $4,000 rebate for the purchase of a new propane vehicle or propane conversion. Applicants may receive up to four rebates. Eligible vehicles must be purchased in 2023. Rebates are awarded on a first-come, first-served basis. For more information, including eligibility requirements and the rebate application, see the MPGA Autogas website.

The Minnesota Department of Revenue imposes an excise tax on the first licensed distributor that receives E85 fuel products in the state and on distributors, special fuel dealers, or bulk purchasers of other alternative fuels. The Minnesota Department of Revenue Commissioner must determine the tax rate for alternative fuel sales annually. The tax rate for E85 is set by the Minnesota Highway Construction Cost Index. Propane is taxed at a minimum rate of $0.1875 per gallon, liquefied natural gas is taxed at a minimum rate of $0.15 per gallon, and compressed natural gas is taxed at a minimum rate of $1.974 per thousand cubic feet. Exemptions apply for certain categories of fuel purchasers.

(Reference Minnesota Statutes 296A.07 and 296A.08 and House Bill 2887, 2023)

Each state department or agency must prepare a biennial sustainability plan that includes ways to modify vehicle use practices and report annually on progress towards implementing their plan. Each state agency plan must prioritize the purchase of on-road vehicles that use alternative fuels. Vehicle purchasing priority is as follows:

1. Electric vehicles;
2. Hybrid electric vehicles;
3. Vehicles that use alternative fuels, including biodiesel blends of 20% (B20) or greater, compressed or liquefied natural gas, ethanol blends of 70% (E70) or greater, hydrogen, or propane;
4. Gasoline or diesel vehicles.

High priority vehicle types may be rejected if the vehicle type is incapable of carrying out its purpose or the total cost of ownership is more than 10% higher than the next vehicle in the preference list. Emergency and law enforcement vehicles are exempt from this requirement. State agency plans must also, among other things, encourage state employees to fuel vehicles with alternative fuels when available and increase the use of renewable fuels derived from agricultural products or waste products.

(Reference Minnesota Statutes 16C.135 and 16C.137 and House Bill 2310, 2023)

When purchasing motor vehicles, state agencies must prioritize vehicles that operate on priority alternative fuels.

A committee of representatives from the Minnesota Departments of Administration, Agriculture, Commerce, Natural Resources, and Transportation, as well as the Pollution Control Agency, will implement a state fleet reporting and information management system. The committee will submit findings to the governor and appropriate legislative committees on a bi-yearly basis with recommendations for goals, directives, or legislative initiatives to meet these objectives.

(Reference Minnesota Statutes 16C.137 and 16C.138 and House Bill 2310, 2023)

The Minnesota Department of Commerce offers rebates to residents for the purchase or lease of new or pre-owned all-electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Eligible EVs may not have a pre-tax purchase price above $55,000 for new vehicles or $25,000 for pre-owned vehicles. Rebates are available in the following amounts:

Eligible applicants may receive a maximum of one rebate. For more information, see the Minnesota Department of Commerce EV Program website.

(Reference House Bill 2310, 2023 and Minnesota Statutes 169.011)

The Minnesota Department of Commerce provides grants to public, private, and charter school districts for the purchase of new electric school buses or repower of existing school buses with electricity. Grant awards may cover up to 95% of vehicle and associated infrastructure costs. Additional conditions may apply.

(Reference House Bill 2310, 2023)

Minnesota Propane Association offers a $5,000 rebate for the purchase of a propane vehicle or the conversion of a gasoline vehicle to operate on propane. Eligible vehicles must have a gross vehicle weight rating under 16,000 pounds. For more information, including how to apply, see the Minnesota Propane Association Incentive Program website.

Beginning July 1, 2023, public EV charging stations are subject to a tax of $0.03 per kilowatt-hour. The tax does not apply to EV charging stations at private residences or homeowners’ associations. Tax revenue will be apportioned to the highway restricted account. Additionally, all new public charging stations must install a meter capable of separately measuring electricity. The charging station owner is responsible for paying the cost of meter installation.

(Reference House Bill 55, 2023)

In addition to standard registration fees, EVs and PHEVs are subject to an annual fee. Fee amounts vary based on gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR):

The revenue from the annual fee will be apportioned to the highway restricted account. Beginning July 1, 2028, EV registration fees will be reduced by 30% for private residents.

(Reference House Bill 60, 2023 and House Bill 55, 2023)

In addition to standard registration fees, EVs and PHEVs are subject to a one-time registration fee. Fee amounts vary based on gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR):

The revenue from the annual fee will be apportioned to the highway restricted account.

(Reference House Bill 439, 2023)

Beginning January 1, 2024, newly constructed retail gasoline fueling stations or fueling stations that replace more than 80% of the motor fuel storage and dispensing infrastructure, must advertise and sell E15 from at least 50% of gasoline dispensers. The Nebraska Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship may refuse to renew, suspend, or revoke retail fuel licenses for failure to comply with access requirements. Additional requirements and exemptions may apply.

(Reference Legislative Bill 562, 2023)

Beginning 2025, the Nebraska Department of Revenue and Department of Environment must issue an annual joint report that identifies the statewide ethanol blend rate. The statewide ethanol blend rate shall be equal to the average percentage of ethanol contained in each gallon of motor fuel sold in Nebraska. Retail dealers must provide a quarterly report of the number of gallons of each type of motor fuel sold and the percentage of ethanol in each gallon to the Department of Revenue.

The Joint Interim Standing Committee on Growth and Infrastructure must study hydrogen production, storage, and technologies. The study must, among other things, assess the feasibility of using hydrogen as a transportation fuel in Nevada. The Committee must submit a report of their findings by January 1, 2025.

(Reference Senate Bill 451, 2023)

State agencies must transition light-duty vehicles to ZEVs by 2040 and medium- and heavy-duty vehicles to ZEVs by 2050. To support these goals, state agencies must prioritize low emission vehicles when purchasing light-duty motor vehicles. State agencies that purchase a diesel vehicle must ensure the vehicle can use biodiesel fuel blends of at least 20%. When refueling gasoline and diesel vehicles, agencies must prioritize the purchase of ethanol and biodiesel fuel. Exceptions may apply.

(Reference Senate Bill 262, 2023)

The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) must administer the Clean Trucks and Buses Incentive Program (Program) to provide incentives for the purchase of zero emission medium- and heavy-duty trucks and buses. Eligible entities must own or operate diesel- or gasoline-powered medium- and heavy-duty vehicles or fleets and include local governments, state agency fleets, school districts, nonprofit organizations, commercial fleets, and independent truck operators. Incentive amounts must be based on gross vehicle weight rating, and NDEP must offer increased incentive amounts for underserved communities. The State Environmental Commission must adopt regulations to guide the NDEP’s administration of the Program. Additional requirements apply.

(Reference Nevada Revised Statutes Chapter 445B and Assembly Bill 184, 2023)

The State Legislature must establish a commission to study revenue alternatives to the road toll for electric, hybrid, and fuel-efficient vehicles. The commission must, among other things, study the impact that fuel-efficient vehicle technologies have on the environment, track current road toll revenues, and analyze relevant programs in other states. The commission must report its findings and recommendations on or before November 1, 2023.

(Reference House Bill 412, 2023)

The New Hampshire Legislature must establish a committee to study opportunities to provide accessible EV charging for residential renters. The committee must report its findings and recommendations by November 1, 2023.

(Reference House Bill 111, 2023)

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) administers the eMobility Grant Program, which provides funding to increase electric mobility solutions including carshare, rideshare, and ride hailing services for residents in underserved areas. Eligible projects include EVs and EV charging stations. For more information, including funding availability and eligibility requirements, see the NJDEP Drive Green e-Mobility website.

The Sustainable Building Tax Credit provides a renovation tax credit for the purchase and installation of EV make-ready infrastructure at existing buildings. Residential properties are eligible for a $500 tax credit, increasing to $1,000 if the infrastructure is for an income-eligible resident. Commercial properties are eligible for a tax credit of 50% of the cost up to $1,500, increasing to 100% of the cost up to $3,000 if the infrastructure is for affordable housing. To be eligible, commercial buildings may not be larger than 20,000 square feet and must install wiring capable of supporting Level 2 EV charging stations at 10% of parking spaces. This tax credit is available for renovations completed between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2027. Annual funding limits apply, with funding available on a first-come, first-served basis.

For more information and additional eligibility requirements, see the SBTC website.

(Reference New Mexico Statutes 7-2-18.32)

State agencies must prepare fleet decarbonization plans for state fleet vehicles. A light-duty vehicle (LDV) decarbonization plan must be complete by December 31, 2023, and a medium- and heavy-duty vehicle (MHDV) decarbonization plan must be complete by December 31, 2025. Fleet decarbonization plans must meet the following schedule:

• All state LDVs must be ZEVs by December 31, 2035
• All state MHDVs must be ZEVs by December 31, 2040

To support state fleet vehicle acquisition goals, state agencies must file their LDV fleet decarbonization plans with the GreenNY Council (GreenNY). Emergency vehicles are exempt from these requirements, but agencies must evaluate emergency ZEV technologies for adoption on an annual basis. Decarbonization plans must include interim targets to achieve decarbonization goals. State agencies must update their fleet decarbonization plans every three years. Additional conditions apply. For more information, see the New York Office of General Services GreenNY website.

(Reference Executive Order 22, 2022, Senate Bill 1346, 2023, and New York Consolidated Laws State and Finance Section 163-D)

OPGA offers residents and fleets a $4,000 rebate for the purchase of a new propane vehicle or propane conversion. Applicants may receive up to five rebates. Eligible vehicles must be purchased in 2023. Rebates are available on a first-come, first-served basis. For more information, including eligibility requirements and the rebate application, see the OPGA Autogas website.

Beginning January 1, 2024, retail electric suppliers may only offer direct current fast charging station services through a separate, unregulated entity and must offer the same fees, terms, charges, and conditions that private retail EV charging station providers offer. Beginning January 1, 2024, retail electric suppliers may not subsidize EV charging stations with fees or services charges collected through regulated service offerings. The Oklahoma Corporate Commission (OCC) may enforce penalties on any retail electric suppliers that violate these requirements. Additional conditions apply.

(Reference Senate Bill 502, 2023 and Oklahoma Statutes 17-160.31 through 17-160.37)

Beginning November 1, 2023, a municipality that owns or operates EV charging stations may not use revenue from the sale of electricity to construct or maintain such EV charging stations. This requirement only applies to electricity from municipally owned electric distribution systems. Additional conditions apply.

(Reference Senate Bill 502, 2023 and Oklahoma Statutes 17-160.35)

Beginning January 1, 2024, EV charging stations that are funded or authorized by an Oregon state agency must be installed by a licensed contractor that holds either an Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Training Program (EVITP) certification or equivalent training program certification. This requirement does not apply to EV charging stations installed at single-family dwellings, townhouses, or multi-unit dwellings with four or fewer residential units. Additional requirements apply.

The Oregon Electrical and Elevator Board may audit EVITP to ensure that it includes the most current national electrical codes and best practices for the installation of EV charging stations.

(Reference Senate Bill 582, 2023)

The Rhode Island Department of Administration (DOA) must, among other things, analyze the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in the state fleet and assess the feasibility of transitioning the state vehicle fleet to AFVs and expanding EV charging infrastructure. DOA must submit a report of their findings to the Rhode Island Senate by February 1, 2024.

(Reference Senate Resolution 15, 2023)

A low-speed vehicle is defined as a four wheeled electric vehicle that has a maximum speed greater than 20 miles per hour (mph) but not more than 25 mph, has a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 3,000 pounds, and conforms to the maximum safety equipment requirements and standards specified in Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, section 571.500. Low speed vehicles may not be driven on any roadway or highway with a speed limit greater than 35 mph. Additional requirements apply.

(Reference House Bill 5457, 2023)

When developing EV TOU rate programs, Rhode Island Energy must complete a cost-benefit analysis that considers the financial impacts of encouraging consumers to charge EVs during off-peak hours. Additional terms and conditions apply.

(Reference Senate Resolution 962, 2023)

In addition to standard registration fees, EV owners must pay an annual fee of $100. Beginning January 1, 2024, annual EV registration fees increase according to the following schedule:

Beginning January 1, 2024, in addition to standard registration fees, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) owners will be subject to the following annual fees:

Low-speed and medium-speed vehicles are exempt from the fee.

(Reference Tennessee House Bill 321, 2023 and Tennessee Code 55-4-116)

NGVs and EVs may exceed the state’s gross and axle vehicle weight limits by up to 2,000 pounds (lbs.). The NGV and EV maximum gross vehicle weight may not exceed 82,000 lbs. This exemption applies on all interstate highways.

(Reference Tennessee Senate Bill 210, 2023 and Tennessee Code 55-7-203)

EVs and NGVs may exceed the state’s gross vehicle weight limits by up to 2,000 pounds (lbs.). The EV or NGV maximum gross vehicle weight may not exceed 82,000 lbs.

(Reference Texas Statutes, Transportation Code 621.101 and Senate Bill 1364, 2023)

Beginning September 1, 2023, in addition to standard vehicle registration fees, new EV owners must pay a first-time registration fee of $400. After the first-time registration fee, the fee for EV registration renewal is $200. Fees contribute to the State Highway Fund.

(Reference Texas Senate Bill 505, 2023 and Texas Statutes, Transportation Code 502.198(a))

The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) administers the Alternative Fueling Facilities Program (AFFP) as part of the Texas Emissions Reduction Plan (TERP). The AFFP offers grants for the construction or reconstruction of an alternative fueling facility for natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, propane, electricity, and methanol. Priority will be given to public entities. For more information, including application periods, see the TCEQ TERP website.

(Reference Texas Statutes, Health and Safety Code 386.153 and 393.001-393.007)

Beginning September 1, 2023, vehicles powered exclusively by electricity are exempt from state motor vehicle emissions inspections.

(Reference Senate Bill 1364, 2023)

Public electric utilities must develop and implement competitively neutral electricity policies and tariffs to encourage competitive private sector investment in the deployment of public EV charging stations. Entities that are not electric utilities may enter into an agreement with a utility to own or operate EV charging stations.

The Public Utility Commission may not authorize electric utilities to recover costs for the installation, equipment, operation and maintenance of EV charging stations.

(Reference Senate Bill 1002, 2023)

By December 1, 2024, the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, in consultation with the Texas Department of Transportation, must adopt standards for EV charging stations to ensure that the connectors or plugs are widely compatible with as many EVs as practicable.

After December 1, 2024, publicly available EV charging stations funded through public grants or state rebate programs must meet the standards adopted by the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation.

(Reference Senate Bill 1732, 2023)

Political subdivisions are prohibited from limiting or banning the use, sale, or lease of vehicles or fueling infrastructure based on their fuel source. A political subdivision is defined as a city, county, municipality, special district, school district, junior college, or housing authority.

(Reference Senate Bill 1017, 2023)

By December 1, 2024, the Texas Commission of Licensing and Regulation (Commission) must adopt rules for EV charging station inspections. The Commission is authorized to set fees to cover the cost of administering an inspection program and establish exemptions.

The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (Department) is authorized to periodically conduct an inspection of EV charging station, including for complaints, in order to verify compliance with requirements and standards. The Department must establish methods by which consumers can provide complaints regarding EV charging station.

(Reference Senate Bill 1001, 2023)

The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) must establish a grant program to replace on-road and non-road vehicles with newer on-road or non-road FCEVs, including the associated infrastructure. The program must encourage the adoption of FCEVs and associated infrastructure in nonattainment areas.

(Reference House Bill 4885, 2023)

Beginning January 1, 2024, the retail sale of electricity for EV charging is subject to a 12.5% tax. The tax may be based on kilowatt hours sold, the cost to charge per hour, or a subscription fee. Additional requirements apply.

(Reference House Bill 301, 2023 and Utah Code 59-30-101 and 59-30-102)

The Vermont Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) offers grants of up to $100,000 for the installation of Level 1 and Level 2 EV charging stations at workplaces. Eligible applicants include governments, businesses, non-profits, electric utilities, and EV charging equipment providers. Funding may be used for planning, purchase, installation, and other one-time costs associated with installing EV charging stations. Additional terms and conditions apply. For more information, see the DHCD Workplace Incentives for EV Charger Installation Assistance website.

The Vermont Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) offers grants for the installation of direct current fast charging (DCFC) and Level 2 EV charging stations at locations available to the general public. Applicants may receive up to $56,000 for Level 2 EV charging stations, and up to $160,000 for DCFCs. Eligible applicants include governments, businesses, non-profits, electric utilities, and EV charging equipment providers. Funding may be used for planning, purchase, installation, and other one-time costs associated with installing EV charging stations. Additional terms and conditions apply. For more information, see the DHCD Public Attraction Incentives for EV Charger Installation Assistance website.

Investor-owned utility (IOU) companies must fund programs that modify or supplement their existing EV incentive programs and EV charging station grant programs. IOUs must prioritize low-income communities in their incentive programs.

(Reference Senate Bill 99, 2023)

EV owners must pay an annual registration fee of $74 or a biennial registration fee of $136.

(Reference Senate Bill 99, 2023)

The Vermont Agency of Transportation (AOT) must develop a carbon reduction strategy. To do so, AOT must:

• Identify and evaluate the effectiveness of policies and programs to reduce transportation sector greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions;
• Work with stakeholders and the public to identify ways to reduce transportation sector GHG emissions; and,
• Determine how federal funds will be used to address transportation resilience.

(Reference House Bill 479, 2023)

By July 1, 2025, the Vermont Agency of Transportation must begin collecting a mileage-based user fee from EV owners or lessees. The Secretary of Transportation and the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles must submit a comprehensive implementation plan to the Vermont Legislature by January 31, 2024.

(Reference House Bill 479, 2023)

The West Virginia Public Service Commission (PSC) does not have jurisdiction over the sale of alternative fuels by non-utilities. The PSC authorizes ratemaking allowances for public utilities to encourage the use of alternative fuels in new demonstration technologies, including alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). AFVs include those using natural gas, methanol, propane, or electricity as the primary fuel.

Persons or entities using movable generators to sell electricity for use in electric vehicles (EVs) at temporary EV charging locations are not public utilities. Additionally, the PSC does not have jurisdiction over temporary EV charging locations, which include:

• Fairs, festivals, and other special events;
• Locations where the electric distribution grid has been adversely affected by emergencies or disasters, natural or otherwise; or
• Locations which facilitate evacuations from such emergencies or disasters, impending or otherwise.

(Reference West Virginia House Bill 2817, 2023 and West Virginia Code 24-2D-1 through 24-2D-3)