Search Federal and State Laws and Incentives

Alternative Fuel Excise Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2021, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For an entity to be eligible to claim the credit they must be liable for reporting and paying the federal excise tax on the sale or use of the fuel in a motor vehicle. Tax exempt entities such as state and local governments that dispense qualified fuel from an on-site fueling station for use in vehicles qualify for the incentive. Eligible entities must be registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The incentive must first be taken as a credit against the entity’s alternative fuel tax liability; any excess over this fuel tax liability may be claimed as a direct payment from the IRS. The tax credit is not allowed if an incentive for the same alternative fuel is also determined under the rules for the ethanol or biodiesel tax credits.

For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Form 4136, which is available on the IRS Forms and Publications website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 6426 and Public Law 117-169)

Small Agri-Biodiesel Producer Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive originally expired on December 31, 2017, but was retroactively extended through December 31, 2020, by Public Law 116-94.

A small agri-biodiesel producer that is registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) may be eligible for a tax incentive in the amount of $0.10 per gallon of agri-biodiesel that is: sold and used by the purchaser in the purchaser's trade or business to produce an agri-biodiesel and diesel fuel mixture; sold and used by the purchaser as a fuel in a trade or business; sold at retail for use as a motor vehicle fuel; used by the producer in a trade or business to produce an agri-biodiesel and diesel fuel mixture; or used by the producer as a fuel in a trade or business. A small producer is one that has, at all times during the tax year, not more than 60 million gallons of productive capacity of any type of agri-biodiesel. Agri-biodiesel is defined as diesel fuel derived solely from virgin oils, including esters derived from corn, soybeans, sunflower seeds, cottonseeds, canola, crambe, rapeseeds, safflowers, flaxseeds, rice bran, mustard seeds, and camelina, and from animal fats; renewable diesel does not qualify for the credit. The incentive applies only to the first 15 million gallons of agri-biodiesel produced in a tax year is allowed as a credit against the producer's income tax liability.. For more information, see IRS Publication 510 and IRS Forms 637 and 8864, which are available via the IRS website. (Reference Public Law 116-94, Public Law 111-312, Section 701; and 26 U.S. Code 40A)

Biodiesel Mixture Excise Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2022, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Form 4136, which is available on the IRS Forms and Publications website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 6426 and Public Law 117-169)

Biodiesel Income Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2022, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For more information about claiming the credit, see Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Forms 637 and 8864, which are available on the IRS Forms and Publications website. For information about registering with the EPA, see the EPA Fuels Registration, Reporting, and Compliance Help website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 40A and Public Law 117-169)

Alternative Fuel Tax Exemption

Alternative fuels used in a manner that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) deems as nontaxable are exempt from federal fuel taxes. Common nontaxable uses in a motor vehicle are: on a farm for farming purposes; in certain intercity and local buses; in a school bus; for exclusive use by a non-profit educational organization; and for exclusive use by a state, political subdivision of a state, or the District of Columbia. This exemption is not available to tax exempt entities that are not liable for excise taxes on transportation fuel. For more information, see IRS Publication 510. (Reference 26 U.S. Code 4041)

Electric Vehicle (EV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Tax Credit

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-169) amended the Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit (IRC 30D), now known as the Clean Vehicle Credit, and added a new requirement for final assembly in North America that took effect on August 17, 2022, with additional requirements taking place beginning January 1, 2023. For vehicles placed in service on or after January 1, 2023, the Clean Vehicle Credit provisions will be subject to updated guidance from the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury. See the IRS Plug-In Electric Drive Vehicle Credit for further details. More details are provided below by date of purchase and on the list of EVs with Final Assembly in North America.

Vehicles Placed in Service After December 31, 2022

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Clean Vehicle Credit (CVC) provisions remove manufacturer sales caps, expand the scope of eligible vehicles to include both EVs and FCEVs, and require a traction battery that has at least seven kilowatt-hours (kWh). An available tax credit under the CVC may be limited by the vehicle’s MSRP and the buyer’s modified adjusted gross income (see below). The CVC provisions also establish criteria for a vehicle to be considered eligible that involve sourcing requirements for critical mineral extraction, processing, and recycling and battery component manufacturing and assembly; these critical material and battery component provisions begin to apply only after the U.S. Department of the Treasury issues guidance on these particular provisions.

Until the Treasury Department issues this critical mineral and battery component guidance, the available CVC tax credit amounts to a base amount of $2500 plus, for a vehicle that draws propulsion energy from a battery with at least 7 kWh of capacity, $417, plus an additional $417 for each kilowatt hour of battery capacity in excess of 5 kWh. The total tax credit available for a vehicle may not exceed $7,500.

Once the Treasury Department issues the critical mineral and battery component guidance, vehicles that meet the critical mineral requirements are eligible for $3,750 tax credit, and vehicles that meet the battery component requirements are eligible for a $3,750 tax credit. Vehicles meeting both the critical mineral and the battery component requirements are eligible for a total tax credit of $7,500.

Critical Minerals: To be eligible for the $3,750 critical minerals portion of the tax credit, the percentage of the value of the battery’s critical minerals that are extracted or processed in the United States or a U.S. free-trade agreement partner or recycled in North America, must increase according to the following schedule:

Battery Components: To be eligible for the $3,750 battery components portion of the tax credit, the percentage of the value of the battery’s components that are manufactured or assembled in North America must increase according to the following schedule:

To be eligible for the CVC tax credit, vans, sport utility vehicles, and pickup trucks must meet the additional requirements of not having a final manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) above $80,000, and all other vehicles may not have a final MSRP above $55,000. The final MSRP can be found on the vehicle’s window sticker, which is also known as the “Monroney label”; the final MSRP includes any trim, options, or accessories for the particular vehicle and excludes the destination fee.

Additionally, a taxpayer’s eligibility for the tax credit may be limited by thresholds for modified adjusted gross income (MAGI); only individuals having a MAGI below the following thresholds are eligible for the tax credit:

• $300,000 for joint filers
• $225,000 for head-of-household filers
• $150,000 for single filers

Further guidance on these provisions is forthcoming. For more information, including additional eligibility requirements, see the IRS Plug-In Electric Drive Vehicle Credit website.

Vehicles Purchased Between August 17 and December 31, 2022

Qualifying EVs purchased and delivered between August 17, 2022, and December 31, 2022, are eligible for the tax incentive as described below for vehicles purchased before August 17, 2022, but are limited to vehicles with final assembly in North America. Manufacturer sales caps on vehicles apply. Note that for some manufacturers, the build location may vary based on the specific vehicle, trim, or the date in the Model Year when it was produced because some models are produced in multiple locations. The build location of a particular vehicle should be confirmed by referring to its Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) using the U.S. Department of Transportation’s VIN decoder or an information label affixed to the vehicle.

For more information, see EVs with Final Assembly in North America.

Vehicles Purchased Before August 17, 2022

Qualifying EVs purchased before August 17, 2022, are eligible for a tax credit that is available for the purchase of a new qualified EV that draws propulsion using a traction battery that has at least five kilowatt-hours (kWh) of capacity, uses an external source of energy to recharge the battery, has a gross vehicle weight rating of up to 14,000 pounds, and meets specified emission standards. The minimum credit amount is $2,500, and the credit may be up to $7,500 based on each vehicle’s traction battery capacity and the gross vehicle weight rating. The credit will begin to be phased out for each manufacturer in the second quarter following the calendar quarter in which a minimum of 200,000 qualified PEVs have been sold by that manufacturer for use in the United States. This tax credit is also available for future EV owners with a written binding contract to purchase a new qualifying electric vehicle before August 16, 2022, but do not take possession of the vehicle until on or after August 16, 2022. For more information, including qualifying vehicles and sales by manufacturer, see the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit website.

(Reference U.S. Code 30D and Public Law 117-169)

Idle Reduction Equipment Excise Tax Exemption

Qualified on-board idle reduction devices and advanced insulation are exempt from the federal excise tax imposed on the retail sale of heavy-duty highway trucks and trailers. The exemption also applies to the installation of qualified equipment on vehicles after the vehicles have been placed into service. For a list of eligible products and additional information about product exemption eligibility criteria, see the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) SmartWay Technology Program Federal Excise Tax Exemption website. The exemption applies to equipment that EPA, in consultation with the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Transportation, identified as reducing the idling of the tractor at a motor vehicle rest stop or other location where such vehicles are temporarily parked or remain stationary. Only equipment sold on or after October 4, 2008, is eligible. For more information, see IRS Publication 510 and the instructions for IRS Form 720, which are available on the IRS Forms and Publications website. (Reference 26 U.S. Code 4053)

Alternative Fuel Mixture Excise Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2021, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Form 720, which is available on the IRS Forms and Publications website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 6426 and Public Law 117-169)

Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Tax Credit

Fueling equipment for natural gas, propane, liquefied hydrogen, electricity, E85, or diesel fuel blends containing a minimum of 20% biodiesel installed through December 31, 2022, is eligible for a tax credit of 30% of the cost, not to exceed $30,000. Permitting and inspection fees are not included in covered expenses. Fueling station owners who install qualified equipment at multiple sites are allowed to use the credit towards each location. Unused credits that qualify as general business tax credits, as defined by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), may be carried backward one year and carried forward 20 years. For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Form 8911, which is available on the IRS Forms and Publications website.

Beginning January 1, 2023, fueling equipment for natural gas, propane, hydrogen, electricity, E85, or diesel fuel blends containing a minimum of 20% biodiesel, is eligible for a tax credit of 30% of the cost or 6% in the case of property subject to depreciation, not to exceed $100,000. Permitting and inspection fees are not included in covered expenses.

Qualified fueling equipment must be installed in locations that meet the following census tract requirements:

• The census tract is not an urban area;

• A population census tract where the poverty rate is at least 20%; or

• Metropolitan and non-metropolitan area census tract where the median family income is less than 80% of the state medium family income level.

Eligible projects must also meet apprenticeships and prevailing wage requirements.

Consumers who purchase qualified residential fueling equipment between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2032, may receive a tax credit of up to $1,000.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 30C, 30D, and 38 and Public Law 117-169)

Pre-Owned Electric Vehicle (EV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Tax Credit

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Clean Vehicle Credit provides a tax credit of up to $4,000 for the purchase of a pre-owned EV or FCEV. Eligible vehicles must be of a model year at least two years prior to the year of purchase and may not have a purchase price above $25,000. Individuals with a gross annual income below the following thresholds are eligible for the tax credit:

• $150,000 for joint filers

• $112,500 for head-of-household filers

• $75,000 for single filers

Only one tax credit may be claimed per vehicle. Individuals may not claim more than one pre-owned vehicle tax credit in a three-year period.

(Reference Public Law 117-169)

Commercial Electric Vehicle (EV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Tax Credit

Beginning January 1, 2023, a tax credit will be available to businesses for the purchase of new EVs and FCEVs. Vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) below 14,000 pounds (lbs.) must have a battery capacity of at least seven kilowatt-hours (kWh) and vehicles with a GVWR above 14,000 lbs. must have a battery capacity of at least 15 kWh. The tax credit amount is equal to the lesser of the following amounts:

• 15% of the vehicle purchase price for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
• 30% of the vehicle purchase price for EVs and FCEVs
• The incremental cost of the vehicle compared to an equivalent internal combustion engine vehicle

Maximum tax credits may not exceed $7,500 for vehicles under 14,000 lbs. and $40,000 for vehicles above 14,000 lbs. Businesses may not combine this tax credit with the Clean Vehicle Tax Credit.

(Reference Public Law 117-169)

Electric Vehicle (EV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Manufacturing Tax Credit

Qualified advanced energy projects are eligible for a 30% tax credit for project investments to reequip, expand, or establish certain manufacturing facilities. Credits cannot be allocated to projects located in census tracts where projects have been previously allocated. A qualifying advanced energy project includes, but is not limited to, projects that reequip, expand, or establish a manufacturing or industrial facility for the production or recycling of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty EVs, FCEVs, EV charging stations, and hydrogen fueling stations. Additional terms apply.

(Reference Public Law 117-169 and 26 U.S. Code 48C)