Search Federal and State Laws and Incentives

Alternative Fuel Excise Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2021, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For an entity to be eligible to claim the credit they must be liable for reporting and paying the federal excise tax on the sale or use of the fuel in a motor vehicle. Tax exempt entities such as state and local governments that dispense qualified fuel from an on-site fueling station for use in vehicles qualify for the incentive. Eligible entities must be registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The incentive must first be taken as a credit against the entity’s alternative fuel tax liability; any excess over this fuel tax liability may be claimed as a direct payment from the IRS. The tax credit is not allowed if an incentive for the same alternative fuel is also determined under the rules for the ethanol or biodiesel tax credits.

For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Form 4136, which is available on the IRS Forms and Publications website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 6426 and Public 117-169)

Biodiesel Mixture Excise Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2022, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Form 4136, which is available on the IRS Forms and Publications website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 6426 and Public 117-169)

Biodiesel Income Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2022, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Forms 637 and 8864, which are available on the IRS Forms and Publications website. For information about registering with the EPA, see the EPA Fuels Registration, Reporting, and Compliance Help website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 40A and Public 117-169)

Electric Vehicle (EV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Tax Credit

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (Public Law 117-169) amended the Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit (IRC 30D), now known as the Clean Vehicle Credit, and added a new requirement for final assembly in North America that took effect on August 17, 2022, with additional requirements taking place beginning January 1, 2023. More details are provided below by date and on the list of EVs with Final Assembly in North America.

Vehicle Purchases Before August 17, 2022

Qualifying EVs purchased before August 17, 2022, are eligible for a tax credit that is available for the purchase of a new qualified EV that draws propulsion using a traction battery that has at least four kilowatt-hours (kWh) of capacity, uses an external source of energy to recharge the battery, has a gross vehicle weight rating of up to 14,000 pounds, and meets specified emission standards. The minimum credit amount is $2,500, and the credit may be up to $7,500 based on each vehicle’s traction battery capacity and the gross vehicle weight rating. The credit will begin to be phased out for each manufacturer in the second quarter following the calendar quarter in which a minimum of 200,000 qualified PEVs have been sold by that manufacturer for use in the United States. This tax credit is also available for future EV owners with a written binding contract to purchase a new qualifying electric vehicle before August 16, 2022, but do not take possession of the vehicle until on or after August 16, 2022. For more information, including qualifying vehicles and sales by manufacturer, see the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit website.

Vehicle Purchases Between August 17 and December 31, 2022

Qualifying EVs purchased and delivered between August 17, 2022, and December 31, 2022, are eligible for the tax incentive as described above but are limited to vehicles with final assembly in North America. Manufacturer sales caps on vehicles apply. Note that for some manufacturers, the build location may vary based on the specific vehicle, trim, or the date in the Model Year when it was produced because some models are produced in multiple locations. The build location of a particular vehicle should be confirmed by referring to its Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) using the U.S. Department of Transportation’s VIN decoder or an information label affixed to the vehicle.

For more information, see EVs with Final Assembly in North America.

Vehicles Placed in Service After December 31, 2022

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Clean Vehicle Credit provisions remove manufacturer sales caps, expand the scope of eligible vehicles to include both EVs and FCEVs, require a traction battery that has at least seven kilowatt-hours (kWh), and establish criteria for a vehicle to be considered eligible that involve sourcing requirements for critical mineral extraction, processing, and recycling and battery component manufacturing and assembly. Vehicles that meet critical mineral requirements are eligible for $3,750 tax credit, and vehicles that meet battery component requirements are eligible for a $3,750 tax credit. Vehicles meeting both the critical mineral and the battery component requirements are eligible for a total tax credit of up to $7,500.

Critical Minerals: To be eligible for the $3,750 critical minerals portion of the tax credit, the percentage of the value of the battery’s critical minerals that are extracted or processed in the United States or a U.S. free-trade agreement partner or recycled in North America, must increase according to the following schedule:

Battery Components: To be eligible for the $3,750 battery components portion of the tax credit, the percentage of the value of the battery’s components that are manufactured or assembled in North America must increase according to the following schedule:

To be eligible for the credits under these provisions, vans, sport utility vehicles, and pickup trucks must meet the additional requirements of not having a manufacturer suggested retail price (MSRP) above $80,000, and all other vehicles may not have an MSRP above $55,000. Additionally, the eligibility of individuals for the tax credit is further limited by thresholds for modified adjusted gross income (MAGI); only individuals having a MAGI below the following thresholds are eligible for the tax credit:

• $300,000 for joint filers
• $225,000 for head-of-household filers
• $150,000 for single filers

Further guidance on these provisions is forthcoming. For more information, including additional eligibility requirements, see the IRS Plug-In Electric Drive Vehicle Credit website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 30D and Public Law 117-169)

Alternative Fuel Mixture Excise Tax Credit

NOTE: This incentive was originally set to expire on December 31, 2021, but has been extended through December 31, 2024, by Public Law 117-169.

For more information about claiming the credit, see IRS Form 720, which is available on the IRS Forms and Publications website.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 6426 and Public 117-169)

Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Tax Credit

Beginning January 1, 2023, fueling equipment for natural gas, propane, hydrogen, electricity, E85, or diesel fuel blends containing a minimum of 20% biodiesel installed through December 31, 2032, is eligible for a tax credit of 30% of the cost or 6% in the case of property subject to depreciation, not to exceed $100,000. Permitting and inspection fees are not included in covered expenses. Consumers who purchase qualified residential fueling equipment prior to December 31, 2032, may receive a tax credit of up to $1,000.

Eligible fueling equipment must be installed in locations that meet the following census tract requirements:

• A population census tract where the poverty rate is at least 20%; or

• Metropolitan and non-metropolitan area census tract where the median family income is less than 80% of the state medium family income level.

Eligible projects must also meet apprenticeships and prevailing wage requirements.

(Reference 26 U.S. Code 30D and Public Law 117-169)

Pre-Owned Electric Vehicle (EV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Tax Credit

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Clean Vehicle Credit provides a tax credit of up to $4,000 for the purchase of a pre-owned EV or FCEV. Eligible vehicles must be of a model year at least two years prior to the year of purchase and may not have a purchase price above $25,000. Individuals with a gross annual income below the following thresholds are eligible for the tax credit:

• $150,000 for joint filers

• $112,500 for head-of-household filers

• $75,000 for single filers

Only one tax credit may be claimed per vehicle. Individuals may not claim more than one pre-owned vehicle tax credit in a three-year period.

(Reference Public Law 117-169)

Commercial Electric Vehicle (EV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) Tax Credit

Beginning January 1, 2023, a tax credit will be available to businesses for the purchase of new EVs and FCEVs. Vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) below 14,000 pounds (lbs.) must have a battery capacity of at least seven kilowatt-hours (kWh) and vehicles with a GVWR above 14,000 lbs. must have a battery capacity of at least 15 kWh. The tax credit amount is equal to the lesser of the following amounts:

• 15% of the vehicle purchase price for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
• 30% of the vehicle purchase price for EVs and FCEVs
• The incremental cost of the vehicle compared to an equivalent internal combustion engine vehicle

Maximum tax credits may not exceed $7,500 for vehicles under 14,000 lbs. and $40,000 for vehicles above 14,000 lbs. Businesses may not combine this tax credit with the Clean Vehicle Tax Credit.

(Reference Public Law 117-169)

Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) and Infrastructure Grants

By February 12, 2023, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency must provide grants for heavy-duty ZEVs and associated infrastructure. Grant award amounts vary and may cover up to 100% of total project costs. Eligible projects include:

• The incremental cost of a Class 6 or 7 EV;
• Capital, installation, operation, and maintenance costs of ZEV charging or refueling infrastructure;
• Workforce development and training programs to support the maintenance, charging, fueling, and operation of ZEVs; and,
• Planning and technical activities that support the adoption and deployment of ZEVs.

Eligible applicants include state governments, municipalities, tribal governments, and non-profit school transportation associations. Additional funding is available for projects located in nonattainment communities.

(Reference Public Law 117-169)