Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Advanced Fuel/Vehicle Systems - A North American Study of Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Criteria Pollutant Emissions
5/30/2005
An accurate assessment of future fuel/propulsion system options requires a complete vehicle fuel-cycle analysis, commonly called a well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis. In this WTW study, we analyzed energy use and emissions associated with fuel production (or well-to-tank [WTT]) activities and energy use andemissions associated with vehicle operation (or tank-to-wheels [TTW])activities. Energy resources, such as petroleum, natural gas (NG), coal, and biomass, as well as the energy carrier, electricity, are considered as feedstocks to produce various transportation fuels, including gasoline, diesel fuel, hydrogen (H2), ethanol (EtOH), compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol (MeOH), and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel. The propulsion systems evaluated were spark-ignition (SI) engines, compression-ignition (CI) engines, hydrogen fuel cells, and fuel processor fuel cells, all in non-hybrid and hybrid electric configurations.This study updates and supplements a previous (2001) North American study, conducted by GM and others (General Motors [GM] et al. 2001), of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with advanced vehicle/fuel systems (GM Phase 1 North American study). The primary purposeof this Phase 2 study is to address criteria pollutant emissions, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and sulfur oxide emissions (SOx). We also updated the vehicle modeling for energyconsumption with the latest powertrain maps and added some additional propulsion systems, such as hydrogen internal combustion engines (ICEs).As in the previous study, the vehicle modeled was a 2010-model-year, full-sized GM pickup truck. The truck was selected because it is a high seller among light-duty vehicles (cars and trucks) in the U.S. market, and light-duty trucks account for a large proportion of the fuel used in the U.S. vehicle fleet. In our study, we attempted
Authors: Brinkman, Norman; Wang, Michael; Weber, Trudy; Darlington, Thomas
Alternative Fuels Commercialization in Support of the 2005 Integrated Energy Policy Report
5/1/2005
California's demand for transportation fuels has increased 53 percent in the last 20 years and in the next 20 years, gasoline and diesel demand will increase another 36 percent. California refineries rely increasingly on imported petroleum products to meet this demand. In 2003, the California Energy Commission and the California Air Resources Board adopted a two-pronged strategy to reduce petroleum demand: promoting improved vehicle efficiency, and increasing use of alternative fuels. This report discusses those alternative fuels used in transportation, including biodiesel, electricity, ethanol, gas to liquid fuels, hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (propane), and natural gas.
Authors: California Energy Commission Staff
Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report - March 28, 2005
3/28/2005
This is the fourteenth issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly newsletter keeping you up to date on the prices of alternative fuels in the U.S. and their relation to gasoline and diesel prices. This issue discusses prices that were gathered from Clean Cities coordinators and stakeholders between March 8 and March 22, 2005, with comparisons to the prices in the previous Price Report, which were collected in November, 2004. The changes in prices from one reporting period to the next can be attributed not only to price volatility, but also to an inconsistent set of respondents. Thus, differences from one report to the next should not be assumed to reflect trends.
Authors: Lott, M.
Peaking of World Oil Production: Impacts, Mitigation, and Risk Management
2/1/2005
The peaking of world oil production presents the U.S. and the world with an unprecedented risk management problem. As peaking is approached, liquid fuel prices and price volatility will increase dramatically, and without timely mitigation, the economic, social, and political costs will be unprecedented. Viable mitigation options exist on both the supply and demand sides but to have substantial impact, they must be initiated more than a decade in advance of peaking.
Authors: Hirsch, R.L.; Bezdek, R.; Wendling, R.
Ending the Energy Stalemate: A Bipartisan Strategy to Meet America's Energy Challenges
12/1/2004
A bipartisan group of top energy experts from industry, government, labor, academia, and environmental and consumer groups produced this report to address major long-term U.S. energy challenges. The report contains detailed policy recommendations for addressing oil security, climate change, natural gas supply, the future of nuclear energy, and other long-term challenges, and is backed by more than 30 original research studies.
Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report - November 26, 2004
11/26/2004
This is the thirteenth issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly newsletter keeping you up to date on the prices of alternative fuels in the U.S. and their relation to gasoline and diesel prices. This issue discusses prices that were gathered from Clean Cities coordinators and stakeholders between November 8 and November 19, 2004, with comparisons to the prices in the previous Price Report, which were collected in June, 2004.
Authors: Lott, M.
Quarterly Update--National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project 2004 #4
9/30/2004
This is the fourth issue of the NBC's Sugar Platform Integration Project Quarterly Update, a quarterly newsletter to inform our stakeholders of recent activities and research progress in the Enzyme Sugar Platform project. This issue highlights continuing work to update and improve compositional analysis methods for corn stover and progress towards demonstration of high solids saccharification in stirred tank vessels.
Authors: Schell, Dan
Biodiesel Production Technology
7/31/2004
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that is gaining attention in the United States after reaching a considerable level of success in Europe. Its primary advantages are that it is one of the most renewable fuels currently available and it is also non-toxic and biodegradable. It can also be used directly in most diesel engines without requiring extensive engine modifications. The purpose of this book is to describe and explain the processes and issues involved in producing this new fuel.
Authors: Van Gerpen, J.; B. Shanks, R. Pruszko (Iowa State University; D. Clements (Renewable Products Development Laboratory; G. Knothe (USDA/NCAUR )
Biodiesel Analytical Methods
7/31/2004
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that is receiving great attention world wide. Although it attracts the most attention because it is renewable, it can be used either pure or in blends with diesel fuel in unmodified diesel engines, and it reduces some exhaust pollutants. It is also attractive because it can be produced easily from common feedstocks. However, the relative simplicity of biodiesel production can disguise the importance of maintaining high quality standards for any fuel supplied to a modern diesel engine. It is essential to the growth of the biodiesel industry that all fuel produced and sold meet these quality standards.
Authors: Van Gerpen, J.; B. Shanks, R. Pruszko (Iowa State University); D. Clements (Renewable Products Development Laboratory; G. Knothe (USDA/NCAUR )
Biodiesel Production Technology, August 2002-January 2004
7/1/2004
This report describes the basics of biodiesel production, types of production processes, patent discussion, treatment and recovery of side streams, feedstock preparation, product quality and storage.
Authors: Van Gerpen, J.; Shanks, B.; Pruszko, R.; Clements, D.; Knothe, G.
Quarterly Update--National Bioenergy Center Sugar Platform Integration Project 2004 #3
6/30/2004
This is the third issue of the NBC's Sugar Platform Integration Project Quarterly Update, a quarterly newsletter to inform our stakeholders of recent activities and research progress in the Enzyme Sugar Platform project. This issue highlights work to update new compositional analysis methods for corn stover and progress towards demonstration of high solids saccharification.
Authors: Schell, Dan
Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report - June 29, 2004
6/29/2004
This is the twelfth issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly newsletter keeping you up to date on the price of alternative fuels in the U.S. and their relation to gasoline and diesel prices. This issue discusses prices that were gathered from Clean Cities coordinators and stakeholders between June 14 and June 25, 2004, with comparisons to the prices in the previous Price Report, which were collected in March, 2004.
Authors: Lott, M.
Evaluation of Biodiesel Fuel in an EMD GP38-2 Locomotive
5/30/2004
This report documents results of fuel consumption and exhaust emission tests performed on a 2,000 hp EMD GP38-2 locomotive operating on four different fuels. No operational problems were observed by SwRI on any of the test fuels, and the locomotive engine was able to produce within 1% to 2% of full rated power while operating on the biodiesel blends. Locomotive tests were performed at the SwRI Locomotive Exhaust Emissions Test Center in October, 2000.
Authors: Fritz, S.G.
Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report - March 23, 2004
3/23/2004
This is the eleventh issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly newsletter keeping you up to date on the price of alternative fuels in the U.S. and their relation to gasoline and diesel prices. This issue discusses prices that were gathered from Clean Cities coordinators and stakeholders between March 3 and March 17, 2004, with comparisons to the prices in the previous Price Report, which were collected in December, 2003.
Authors: Lott, M.