Ford Escape Hybrid Emergency Response Guide
4/21/2004
This document outlines emergency response procedures for the Ford Escape hybrid electric vehicle.
Notes: Copies of this document are available from the Ford Motor Company Website at: http://www.fordtechservice.dealerconnection.com/vdirs/quickref/guide-escape.pdf
Module 1: Permitting Stationary Fuel Cell Installations
1/12/2004
This document is part of a series of reports about hydrogen codes and standards developed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The purpose of this module is to facilitate the acceptance of stationary fuel cell technologies for buildings. To achieve this purpose, the module provides information on the building regulatory processes and provisions of relevant codes and standards that will have an impact on the design, deployment, approval, installation, operation, and maintenance of fuel cell technologies. The module covers fuel cell installations in buildings other than one- and two-family dwellings and for energy functions other than industrial processes. It is intended as a tool for determining the codes and standards applicable to stationary fuel cell installations that provide electricity for commercial buildings and that may also produce waste heat that can offset other energy-using features of such buildings.
Notes: Copies of this document are available from the PNNL Website at: http://www.pnl.gov/fuelcells/docs/permit-guides/module1_final.pdf.
Challenges and Experiences with Electric Propulsion Transit Buses in the United States
11/1/2003
This document provides background for transit agencies and other fleets that are considering the use of electric propulsion technologies. It tells potential users what to expect and what to plan for when implementing vehicles with electric propulsion systems (such as dedicated electric vehicles, hybrids, and even fuel cells) into their fleets. This document also addresses the unique issues that electrical integration can pose for fleet personnel and points to the similarities between implementing electric propulsion and any other significant new technology.
Authors: Eudy, L.; Gifford, M.
Consumer Views on Transportation and Energy
8/1/2003
This report has been assembled to provide the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) with an idea of how the American public views various transportation, energy, and environmental issues.
Authors: Steiner, E.
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
5/1/2003
In the U.S. economy, transportation is second only to electricity generation in terms of the volume and rate of growth of greenhouse gas emissions. In terms of carbon dioxide, which accounts for 95 percent of transportation's GHG emissions, transportation is the largest and fastest growing end-use sector. This report evaluates potential CO2 emission reductions from transportation in the U.S. Measures considered include energy efficiency improvements, low-carbon alternative fuels, increasing the operating efficiency of the transportation system, and reducing travel. Highway vehicles should be the primary focus of policies to control GHG emissions since they account for 72 percent of total transportation emissions.
Authors: Greene, D.L.; Schafer, A.
MTA New York City Transit
3/1/2003
The Role of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA) is to bridge the gap between R&D of advanced vehicle technologies and commercial availability. This fact sheet examines testing activity for New York City Transit's fleet of diesel electric hybrid buses.
Fuel Choices for Fuel-Cell Vehicles: Well-to-Wheels Energy and Emission Impacts
10/24/2002
Because of their high energy efficiencies and low emissions, fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) are undergoing extensive research and development. While hydrogen will likely be the ultimate fuel to power fuel-cell vehicles, because of current infrastructure constraints, hydrogen-carrying fuels are being investigated as transitional fuel-cell fuels. A complete well-to-wheels (WTW) evaluation of fuel-cell vehicle energy and emission effects that examines (1) energy feedstock recovery and transportation; (2) fuel production, transportation, and distribution; and (3) vehicle operation must be conducted to assist decision makers in selecting the fuel-cell fuels that achieve the greatest energy and emission benefits.
A fuel-cycle model developed at Argonne National Laboratory—called the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model—was used to evaluate well-to-wheels energy and emission impacts of various fuel-cell fuels. The results show that different fuel-cell fuels can have significantly different energy and greenhouse gas emission effects. Therefore, if fuel-cell vehicles are to achieve the envisioned energy and emission reduction benefits, pathways for producing the fuels that power them must be carefully examined.
Authors: Michael Wang
Study of Exhaust Emissions from Idling Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks and Commercially Available Idle-Reducing Devices
10/1/2002
Heavy duty diesel truck idling contributes significantly to energy consumption in the United States. The EPA initiated a study to quantify long duration idling emissions and fuel consumption rates over a two year period. It performed 42 tests on nine class-8 trucks (model years ranging from 1980s to 2001). Two of those trucks were equipped with 11 hp diesel auxiliary power units (APUs), and one was equipped with a diesel direct fired heater (DFH). The APU powers electrical accessories, heating, and air conditioning, whereas the DFH heats the cab in lieu of truck idling. Results indicate that use of an APU can reduce idling fuel consumption by 50 to 80% and reduce NOx by 89 to 94%. The use of a DFH can reduce fuel consumption by 94 to 96% and reduce NOx by 99%.
Authors: Lim, H.
FreedomCAR Partnership Plan
9/5/2002
United States Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham and senior executives of DaimlerChrysler, Ford, and General Motors announced the FreedomCAR Partnership on January 9, 2002. FreedomCAR is a research initiative focused on collaborative, pre-competitive, high-risk research to develop the component technologies necessary to provide a full range of affordable cars and light trucks that will free the nation's personal transportation system for petroleum dependence and from harmful vehicle emissions, without sacrificing freedom of mobility and freedom of vehicle choice. The United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Council for Automotive Research (USCAR), representing DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation are the partners in the initiative. The partners will jointly conduct strategic planning, determine technical requirements, identify needed resources, establish research and development priorities, and execute oversight of the R&D activities necessary to achieve the goals of the partnership. In addition, the partners will jointly develop a technical roadmap that outlines the technology-specific R&D goals (including cost targets) and milestones required to demonstrate progress.
Technical Assessment of Advanced Transit Bus Propulsion Systems
8/1/2002
This report provides the results of a technology assessment developed as part of Phase I of the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) Zero Emission Program (ZEP). The scope of this report explores the advanced propulsion technologies feasible for bus ordering by DART in 2007 (replacing the model year 1998 and prior standard bus fleet) and capable of adequate performance for DART service, while meeting the emissions standards.
Battery-Powered Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Projects to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Resource Guide for Project Development
7/1/2002
This report provides national and international project developers with a guide on how to estimate and document the GHG emission reduction benefits and/or penalties for battery-powered and hybrid-electric vehicle projects. This primer also provides a resource for the creation of GHG emission reduction projects for the Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ) Pilot Phase and in anticipation of other market based project mechanisms proposed under the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCC). Though it will be necessary for project developers and other entities to evaluate the emission benefits of each project on a case-by-case basis, this primer will provide a guide for determining which data and information to include during the process of developing the project proposal.
Hybrid Electric Transit Buses: New York City Transit (NYCT) Diesel Hybrid Electric Buses: Final Results
7/1/2002
New York City Transit (NYCT), part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in New York, began operating the first of 10 heavy-duty diesel hybrid-electric transit bus prototypes (Model VI) from Orion Bus Industries in 1998. All 10 buses were in revenue service by mid-2000. The operating costs, efficiency, emission, and overall performance of these low-floor hybrid buses were compared against those of 14 conventional high-floor diesel transit buses from (NovaBUS Corporation and Orion) operated by NYCT in similar service. The objective of this DOE research project, managed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), was to provide transportation professionals with quantitative, unbiased information on the cost, maintenance, operational, and emission characteristics of diesel hybrid-electric systems as one alternative to conventional diesel engines for heavy-duty transit bus applications.
Authors: Chandler, K.; Walkowicz, K.; Eudy, L.