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Community Impacts: Accessible Electric Vehicle Carshare Programs
6/6/2022
Having abundant and affordable access to transportation affects an individual’s ability to live a healthy and fulfilling life. To date, a majority of carshare models have been implemented in urban, affluent areas, and have not focused on electric vehicles (EVs). A variety of EV carshare programs were evaluated with the goal of identifying and understanding best practices and challenges associated with implementing these programs in underserved locations, specifically in low-income and rural areas. This paper shares the design and results to date of several of these programs, as well as a framework for designing a carshare program.
Authors: Herman, C.
Deploying Charging Infrastructure for Electric Transit Buses
6/1/2022
This study is aimed at assisting transit agencies as they begin to plan for significant electrification of their bus fleets. It focuses on battery electric technologies and is limited in scope to charging technologies, designs, and choices. It incorporates learnings from 28 industry interviews completed between January and April 2022 by Atlas Public Policy staff. These interviews sought to understand latest developments, challenges, solutions, and lessons learned in battery electric bus charging, and to compile specific examples, anecdotes and on-the-ground experiences from those at the forefront of deployment.
Authors: Lepre, N.; Burget, S.; McKenzie, L.
Electric School Bus U.S. Market Study and Buyers Guide
6/1/2022
This guide offers school districts and others an overview of the electric school bus market. It presents electric school bus models available today with detailed vehicle specifications allowing users to compare various models and weigh important considerations.
Authors: Huntington, A.; Wang, J.; Burgoyne-Allen, P.; Werthmann, E.; Jackson, E.
Mini Guide on Transportation Electrification: State-Level Roles and Collaboration among Public Utility Commissions, State Energy Offices, and Departments of Transportation
6/1/2022
Many states across the country have set ambitious electric vehicle (EV) adoption goals and are working to establish policies and programs to support transportation electrification. State energy offices, public utility commissions, and departments of transportation, among other important state-level partners each have a unique and vital role to support EV rollout. This guide explores roles among state agencies and partners in planning and implementing EV charging infrastructure. This mini guide is part of a series that features collaborative approaches, lessons learned, and interviews with leading state and local decision makers.
Authors: Dixon, D.; Powers, C.; McAdams, J.; Stephens, S.; Sass Byrnett. D.; Peters, D.
Review of Electric Vehicle Charger Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities, Potential Impacts, and Defenses
5/26/2022
Worldwide growth in electric vehicle use is prompting new installations of private and public electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). EVSE devices support the electrification of the transportation industry but also represent a cornerstone for power systems and transportation infrastructures. Cybersecurity researchers have recently identified several vulnerabilities that exist in EVSE devices, communications to electric vehicles (EVs), and upstream services, such as EVSE vendor cloud services, third party systems, and grid operators. The potential impact of attacks on these systems stretches from localized, relatively minor effects to long-term national disruptions. Fortunately, there is a strong and expanding collection of information technology and operational technology cybersecurity best practices that may be applied to the EVSE environment to secure this equipment. This paper summarizes publicly disclosed EVSE vulnerabilities, the impact of EV charger cyberattacks, and proposed security protections for EV charging technologies.
Authors: Johnson, J.; Berg, T.; Anderson, B.; Wright, B.
A Framework to Analyze the Requirements of a Multiport Megawatt-Level Charging Station for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles
5/21/2022
Widespread adoption of heavy-duty (HD) electric vehicles (EVs) will soon necessitate the use of megawatt (MW)-scale charging stations to charge the high capacity HD EV battery packs. While higher throughput will maximize revenue-generating operations, at high rates of charging, the station design needs to anticipate possible station traffic, average and peak power demand, and charging/waiting time targets to meet. High-voltage direct current fast charging (DCFC) is an attractive candidate for MW-scale charging stations at the time of this study but there are no precedents for such station design. We present a modeling and data analysis framework to elucidate the dependencies of a MW-scale station operation on vehicle traffic data and station design parameters and how that impacts vehicle electrification. This framework integrates an agent-based charging station model with vehicle schedules obtained through real-world, long-haul vehicle telemetry data analysis to explore the station design and operation space. We present a case study showing the application of this framework to: (i) choose optimal locations for charging infrastructure to enable vehicle electrification, (ii) simulate vehicle charging behavior to create charge demand schedules for MW-scale charging locations, (iii) analyze power/energy requirements for these stations, and (iv) optimize station design and control to increase vehicle throughput. Real-world vehicle travel data is used to generate distributions of vehicle arrival time and state of the charge (SOC) for hypothetical MW-scale charging stations. Monte Carlo simulation is used to explore various design considerations associated with MW-scale charging stations and electric vehicle battery technologies.
Authors: Mishra, P.; Miller, E.; Santhanagopalan, S.; Bennion, K.; Meintz, A.
Electric Vehicles for Fleets
5/17/2022
Electric vehicles can fulfill many daily driving needs, making them a great solution for fleets. They offer several benefits and can fill roles in light-duty, medium-/heavy-duty (MD/HD), and even off-road applications. The unique fleet environment presents considerations beyond those that consumers must address before going electric. For example, fleet managers must understand the impacts of charging multiple vehicles while maintaining fleet operations. Larger MD/HD vehicles bring additional factors to consider.
U.S. DRIVE 2021 Highlights of Technical Accomplishments
5/16/2022
The U.S. DRIVE (Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle efficiency and Energy sustainability) 2021 Highlights of Technical Accomplishments report summarizes key technical accomplishments in the development of advanced automotive and related energy infrastructure technologies achieved in 2021 by the U.S. DRIVE partnership. Each one-page summary represents what Partnership experts collectively consider to be significant progress in the development of advanced automotive and infrastructure technologies.
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: Fourth Quarter 2021
5/4/2022
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling Station Locator contains information on public and private nonresidential alternative fueling stations in the United States and Canada and currently tracks ethanol (E85), biodiesel, compressed natural gas, electric vehicle (EV) charging, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and propane stations. Of these fuels, EV charging continues to experience rapidly changing technology and growing infrastructure. This report provides a snapshot of the state of EV charging infrastructure in the United States in the fourth calendar quarter of 2021 (Q4). Using data from the Station Locator, this report breaks down the growth of public and private charging infrastructure by charging level, network, and location. Additionally, this report measures the current state of charging infrastructure compared with two different 2030 infrastructure requirement scenarios. This information is intended to help transportation planners, policymakers, researchers, infrastructure developers, and others understand the rapidly changing landscape of EV charging infrastructure. This is the eighth report in a series.
Authors: Brown, A.; Schayowitz, A.; White, E.
United States EV Market Summary: Q3 and Q4 2021
5/2/2022
Atlas Public Policy presents its first market summary report for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean Cities network. This report summarizes major developments in transportation electrification in the United States with a focus on activities during the third and fourth quarters of 2021.
Authors: Lepre, N.; Taylor, T.
H2@Scale Program Multi-Party Cooperative Research and Development Agreement: California Hydrogen Infrastructure Research Consortium Task
5/2/2022
Many stakeholders are working on hydrogen and fuel cell products, markets, requirements, mandates, and policies. California has been leading the way for hydrogen infrastructure and fuel cell electric vehicle deployment. The advancements in California have identified many lessons learned for hydrogen infrastructure development, deployment, and operation. Other interested states and countries are using California’s experience as a model case, making success in California paramount to enabling market acceleration and uptake in the United States. To assist California in decisions and evaluations, as well as to verify solutions to problems impacting the industry, a hydrogen research consortium of California agency partners and national laboratories was organized. This report describes the work performed as part of this consortium between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and California agency partners and the task outcomes. The tasks included hydrogen station data analysis, insights into medium and heavy-duty vehicles running on hydrogen, hydrogen contaminant detectors for use at hydrogen refueling stations, hydrogen nozzle freeze lock evaluation, hydrogen topics for integration into the California energy management strategy, and a technical assistance project that analyzed liquid hydrogen modeling for a hydrogen station capacity tool.
Authors: Sprik, S.; Buttner, W.; Koleva, M.; Onorato, S.; Peters, M.; Saur, G.
Charting the Course for Early Truck Electrification
5/2/2022
Trucks in the United States produce 25% of transportation greenhouse gas emissions even though they only make up 10% of vehicles on the road. Across the United States, fleets have already committed to deploying over 140,000 electric vehicles. Although this trend is enabled by technology, regulation is also encouraging electric truck adoption. California now requires truck builders to sell an increasing percentage of electric trucks in the state. And 15 additional states signed a joint memorandum of understanding to follow California’s path. This report uses real-world observed trucking telematics data from Geotab to investigate which trucks in California and New York can electrify the fastest based on currently available electric truck models. The report also examines the amount of energy and charging infrastructure that these early electrifiable trucks need, in addition to emissions from the grid under various charging schedules.
Authors: Lund, J.; Mullaney, D.; Porter, E.; Schroeder, J.
Notes:
This copyrighted publication can be accessed on the Rocky Mountain Institute website.
Golden Gate National Recreation Area Federal Fleet Tiger Team EVSE Site Assessment
5/2/2022
The U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program helps federal agencies reduce petroleum consumption and increase alternative fuel use through its resources for the Sustainable Federal Fleets program. A key element of this assistance involves supporting agencies in the transition to zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). In developing and implementing their ZEV fleet strategies, agencies should focus on evaluating electric vehicle deployment opportunities at individual fleet locations, which have unique site, vehicle operating, and utility service characteristics. This is best achieved through site assessments to evaluate opportunities for ZEV acquisitions, identify optimal ZEV candidates, and determine optimal electric vehicle supply equipment deployment strategies. This site report supports the development of a ZEV deployment plan for the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which can ultimately be incorporated into the overall U.S. Department of the Interior ZEV fleet strategy.
Authors: Boyce, L.; Bennett, J.; Desai, R.
2021 Zero Emission Vehicle Market Study: Volume 2: Intra-California Regions Defined by Air Districts
4/14/2022
California set a goal to transition new light-duty vehicle sales to 100% zero emissions vehicles (ZEVs) by 2035. To assist California and the other ZEV states to monitor and manage the success of policies promoting ZEVs and ZEV fueling infrastructure deployment, this research assesses car-owning households’ responses to these new technology vehicles and new fueling behaviors. This report assesses the readiness of household consumers in California to support state goals, i.e., as goals become more ambitious and requirements on manufacturers increase, are more car-owning households poised to become ZEV buyers? The analysis explores differences within California, based on boundaries of air quality districts. This study question is addressed via comparison of two large sample surveys of car-owning households. These surveys were completed in first calendar quarters of 2019 and 2021. Both questionnaires measure consumer awareness, knowledge, assessments, and consideration of ZEVs. Note:
This copyrighted publication can be accessed on the eScholarship website.
Authors: Kurani, K.
How to Support EV Adoption: Tradeoffs Between Charging Infrastructure Investments and Vehicle Subsidies in California
4/1/2022
Promoting electric vehicle (EV) adoption is a priority for governments worldwide due to EVs’ ability to address pressing climate change and air quality challenges. Two policy mechanisms, public charging infrastructure investments and vehicle subsidies, are widely used to support EV adoption. This report estimates tradeoffs between lowered vehicle purchase price (subsidies) or expanded public charging infrastructure and their impacts on consumer demand for EVs. These two policies are evaluated using two criteria: promoting additional EV sales and reducing CO2 emissions.
Authors: Ledna, C; Muratori, M; Brooker, A; Wood, E; Greene, D
