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Update on Electric Vehicle Adoption Across U.S. Cities
8/31/2020
This briefing builds upon the International Council on Clean Transportation’s annual U.S. plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) market analysis of state, local, and utility actions to promote PEVs. It assesses relationships between PEV uptake and various underlying factors including incentives, charging infrastructure, model availability, access to high-occupancy vehicle lanes, and regional policy actions. The analytical focus is primarily on the 50 most populous U.S. metropolitan areas, which collectively accounted for 55% of the nation’s population.
Authors: Bui A.; Slowik, P.; Lutsey. N.
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: First Quarter 2020
8/28/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling Station Locator contains information on public and private non-residential alternative fueling stations in the United States and Canada and currently tracks ethanol (E85), biodiesel, compressed natural gas, electric vehicle (EV) charging, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and propane stations. Of these fuels, EV charging continues to experience rapidly changing technology and growing infrastructure. This report provides a snapshot of the state of EV charging infrastructure in the United States in the first calendar quarter of 2020 (Q1). Using data from the Station Locator, this report breaks down the growth of public and private charging infrastructure by charging level, network, and location. Additionally, this report measures the current state of charging infrastructure compared with the amount projected to meet charging demand by 2030. This information is intended to help transportation planners, policymakers, researchers, infrastructure developers, and others understand the rapidly changing landscape for EV charging.
Authors: Brown, A.; Lommele, S.; Schayowitz, A.; Klotz, E.
SMART Mobility Decision Science Capstone Report
8/5/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Consortium is a multiyear, multi-laboratory collaborative, managed by the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, dedicated to further understanding the energy implications and opportunities of advanced mobility technologies and services. The first three-year research phase of SMART Mobility occurred from 2017 through 2019 and included five research pillars: Connected and Automated Vehicles, Mobility Decision Science, Multi-Modal Freight, Urban Science, and Advanced Fueling Infrastructure. A sixth research thrust integrated aspects of all five pillars to develop a SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow to evaluate new transportation technologies and services at scale.
This report summarizes the work of the Mobility Decision Science Pillar. The Mobility Decision Science Pillar sought to fill gaps in existing knowledge about the human role in the mobility system including travel decision-making and technology adoption in the context of future mobility. The objective was to study how underlying preferences, needs, and contextual factors might constrain or hasten future transportation system scenarios.
Authors: Spurlock, C.; Gopal, A.; Auld, J.; Leiby, P.; Sheppard, C.; Wenzel, T.; Belal, S.; Duvall, A.; Enam, A.; Fujita, S.; Henao, A.; Jin, L.; Kontou, E.; Lazar, A.; Needell, Z.; Rames, C.; Rashidi, T.; Sears, T.; Sim, A.; Stinson, M.; Taylor, M.; Todd-Blick, A.; Verbas, O.; Walker, V.; Ward, J.; Wong-Parodi, G.; Wu, K.; Yang, H.
SMART Mobility Multi-Modal Freight Capstone Report
8/3/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Consortium is a multiyear, multi-laboratory collaborative, managed by the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, dedicated to further understanding the energy implications and opportunities of advanced mobility technologies and services. The first three-year research phase of SMART Mobility occurred from 2017 through 2019 and included five research pillars: Connected and Automated Vehicles, Mobility Decision Science, Multi-Modal Freight, Urban Science, and Advanced Fueling Infrastructure. A sixth research thrust integrated aspects of all five pillars to develop a SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow to evaluate new transportation technologies and services at scale.
This report summarizes the work of the Multi-Modal Freight Pillar. The Multi Modal Freight Pillar’s objective is to assess the effectiveness of emerging freight movement technologies and understand the impacts of the growing trends in consumer spending and e-commerce on parcel movement considering mobility, energy, and productivity.
Authors: Zhao, Y.; Birky, A.; Moore, A.; Walker, V.; Stinson, M.; Smith, D.; Jones, P.
Evolution of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in the United States
8/1/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) has tracked alternative fueling and electric vehicle charging infrastructure in the United States since 1991. This paper explores the history of the AFDC Station Locator, which was launched in 1999, and discusses the growth of electric vehicle supply equipment. It also looks at how electric vehicle drivers access public charging, and evaluates challenges, gaps, and opportunities facing both electric vehicle drivers and the industry as a whole.
Authors: Brown, A.; Lommele, S.; Eger, R.; Schayowitz, A.
High-Potential Regions for Electric Truck Deployments
8/1/2020
Regional haul, heavy-duty trucking operations are good candidates for electrification due to the segment’s relatively short-hauls and return-to-base operations. Many early electric truck deployments have taken place in California, but as the market matures, fleets, utilities, manufacturers, policymakers, charging companies, and other industry stakeholders are seeking assistance to prioritize regions outside California for future deployments of this technology. This guidance report proposes a three-part framework that the industry can use to prioritize regions for electric truck deployments based on technology, need, and support.
Notes: This report is copyrighted and can be accessed through North American Council for Freight Efficiency website.
SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow Development, Implementation, and Results Capstone Report
7/28/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Consortium is a multiyear, multi-laboratory collaborative, managed by the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, dedicated to further understanding the energy implications and opportunities of advanced mobility technologies and services. The first three-year research phase of SMART Mobility occurred from 2017 through 2019 and included five research pillars: Connected and Automated Vehicles, Mobility Decision Science, Multi-Modal Freight, Urban Science, and Advanced Fueling Infrastructure. A sixth research thrust integrated aspects of all five pillars to develop a SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow to evaluate new transportation technologies and services at scale.
This report summarizes the work of the SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow effort. The SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow was developed to evaluate new transportation technologies such as connectivity, automation, sharing, and electrification through multi-level systems analysis that captures the dynamic interactions between technologies. By integrating multiple models across different levels of fidelity and scale, the Workflow yields insights about the influence of new mobility and vehicle technologies at the system level.
Authors: Rousseau, A.; Sheppard, C.; Auld, J.; Souza, F.; Enam, A.; Freyermuth, V.; Gardner, M.; Garikapati, V.; Needell, Z.; Stinson, M.; Verbas, O.; Wood, E.
SMART Mobility Urban Science Capstone Report
7/23/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Consortium is a multiyear, multi-laboratory collaborative, managed by the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, dedicated to further understanding the energy implications and opportunities of advanced mobility technologies and services. The first three-year research phase of SMART Mobility occurred from 2017 through 2019 and included five research pillars: Connected and Automated Vehicles, Mobility Decision Science, Multi-Modal Freight, Urban Science, and Advanced Fueling Infrastructure. A sixth research thrust integrated aspects of all five pillars to develop a SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow to evaluate new transportation technologies and services at scale.
This report summarizes the work of the Urban Science Pillar. The Urban Science Pillar focuses on maximum-mobility and minimum-energy opportunities associated with emerging transportation and transportation-related technologies specifically within the urban context. Such technologies, often referred to as automated, connected, efficient (or electrified), and shared, have the potential to greatly improve mobility and related quality of life in urban areas.
Authors: Sperling, J.; Duvall, A.; Beck, J.; Henao, A.; Garikapti, V.; Hou, Y.; Romero-Lankao, P.; Wenzel, T.; Waddell, P.; Aziz, H.; Wang, H.; Young, S.
SMART Mobility Connected and Automated Vehicles Capstone Report
7/22/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Consortium is a multiyear, multi-laboratory collaborative, managed by the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, dedicated to further understanding the energy implications and opportunities of advanced mobility technologies and services. The first three-year research phase of SMART Mobility occurred from 2017 through 2019 and included five research pillars: Connected and Automated Vehicles, Mobility Decision Science, Multi-Modal Freight, Urban Science, and Advanced Fueling Infrastructure. A sixth research thrust integrated aspects of all five pillars to develop a SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow to evaluate new transportation technologies and services at scale.
This report summarizes the work of the Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) Pillar. This Pillar investigated the energy, technology, and usage implications of vehicle connectivity and automation and identified efficient CAV solutions.
Authors: Rask,E.; Auld, J.; Bush, B.; Chen,Y.; Freyermuth, V.; Gohlke, D.; Gonder, J.; Greenblatt, J.; Han, J.; Holden, J.; Islam, E.; Javanmardi, M.; Jeong, J.; Karbowski, D.; Kim, N.; Lammert, M.; Leiby, P.; Lin, Z.; Lu, X.; Mohammadian, K.; Parsa, A.; Rios-Torres, J.; Rousseau, A.; Shabanpour, R.; Shladover, S.; Shen, D.; Shirk, M.; Stephens, T.; Sun, B.; Verbas, O.; Zhang, C.
SMART Mobility Advanced Fueling Infrastructure Capstone Report
7/22/2020
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Consortium is a multiyear, multi-laboratory collaborative, managed by the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, dedicated to further understanding the energy implications and opportunities of advanced mobility technologies and services. The first three-year research phase of SMART Mobility occurred from 2017 through 2019 and included five research pillars: Connected and Automated Vehicles, Mobility Decision Science, Multi-Modal Freight, Urban Science, and Advanced Fueling Infrastructure. A sixth research thrust integrated aspects of all five pillars to develop a SMART Mobility Modeling Workflow to evaluate new transportation technologies and services at scale.
This report summarizes the work of the Advanced Fueling Infrastructure Pillar. This Pillar investigated the charging infrastructure needs of electric ride-hailing and car-sharing vehicles, automated shuttle buses, and freight-delivery truck fleets.
Authors: Smart, J.; Bi, J.; Birky, A.; Borlaug, B.; Burrell, E.; Kontou, E.; Lee, D.; Lipman, T.; Meintz, A.; Miller, E.; Mohamed, A.; Moniot, M.; Moore, A.; Motoaki, Y.; Needell Z.; Onar, O.; Rames, C.; Reinicke, N.; Roni, M.; Salisbury, S.; Sheppard, C.; Toba, A.; Walker, V.; Weigl, D.; Wood, E.; Xie, F.; Yi, Z.; Zeng T.; Zhang, H.; Zhou, Y.; Zhou, Z.
Levelized Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles in the United States
7/15/2020
The cost to charge an electric vehicle (EV) varies depending on the price of electricity at different charging sites (home, workplace, or public), vehicle use, region, and time of day, and for different charging power levels and equipment and installation costs. This paper provides a detailed assessment of the 2019 levelized cost of light-duty PEV charging in the United States, considering the purchase and installation costs of charging equipment and electricity prices from real-world utility tariffs.
Authors: Borlaug, B.; Salisbury, S.; Gerdes, M.; Muratori, M.
Notes:
This Joule article (Vol. 4, Issue 7, (July 2020): pp. 1470-1485) is copyrighted by Elsevier Inc. and can be accessed through Science Direct.
Plug-In Electric Vehicle Showcases: Consumer Experience and Acceptance
7/2/2020
In 2016 the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) announced three awardees to hold plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) showcases to demonstrate available technologies and provide a hands-on consumer experience at conveniently located, brand-neutral settings. The events varied in style from long term stationary storefront settings to weekend events at a variety of regional venues. Attendees could interact with the technology through ride-and-drives and longer-term test drives. The events began in the spring of 2017 and continued through 2019.
Authors: Singer, M.
Electric Vehicles at Scale - Phase I Analysis: High Electric Vehicle Adoption Impacts on the Western U.S. Power Grid
7/1/2020
The use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the United States has grown significantly during the last decade. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory performed a study on how PEVs at scale affect the electric grid as an aggregated new load. The Phase I study focused on the bulk power electricity impacts on the Western grid. This analysis addresses the following two key questions: 1) Are there sufficient resources in the U.S. bulk power grid to provide the electricity for charging a growing PEV fleet? and 2) What are the likely operational changes necessary to accommodate a growing PEV fleet?
Authors: Kintner-Meyer, M.; Davis, S.; Sridhar, S.; Bhatnagar, D.; Mahserejian, S.; Ghosal, M.
Financial Analysis of Battery Electric Transit Buses
6/10/2020
A baseline bus fleet and battery electric bus investment scenario was developed based on the average or common parameters of existing battery electric bus (BEB) fleets. A discounted cashflow analysis was done that found the baseline fleet to have a net present value of $785,000 and simple payback of 3.3 years. The 33 main parameters were then swung ±50% to determine their relative influence on NPV and were ranked accordingly. Then parameter volatility was estimated by dividing the range of observed values by the baseline value. The parameters that are most influential and volatile were highlighted as the ones fleet managers should focus on when determining if BEBs are a good investment option for them. These top parameters are 1) BEB purchase price, 2) purchase price of foregone diesel bus, 3) grant amount, 4) maintenance costs of foregone diesel bus, 5) annual vehicle miles traveled.
Authors: Johnson, C.; Nobler, E.; Eudy, L.; Jeffers, M.
West Coast Clean Transit Corridor Initiative
6/1/2020
Electric utility companies in the West Coast states of California, Oregon, and Washington have conducted the West Coast Clean Transit Corridor Initiative (WCCTCI) study to assess the charging infrastructure medium- and heavy-duty electric trucks will need as they travel along the approximately 1,300-mile-long Interstate 5 (I-5) corridor and interconnecting highways. This report documents the study findings, and provides background information on regulations, policies, and programs pertaining to vehicle electrification efforts, trends in the electric truck market, and truck traffic volumes and trucking facilities along I-5. The lessons learned from the WCCTCI can be applied to other regions and routes across the rest of the nation.
