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Alternative Fuel Tax

The state road tax for vehicles that operate on propane (liquefied petroleum gas or LPG) is paid through the purchase of an annual flat fee sticker, and the amount is based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating. Each person owning and/or operating a vehicle that operates on propane must obtain a decal annually from the Alabama LPG Board. The decal must be affixed to the vehicle according to LPG Board specification as proof that the issuance fee and decal fee have been paid. Vehicle owners must apply for a decal within 10 days of converting a vehicle to operate on propane or natural gas, or a 20% penalty will be applied to the decal fee. Out-of-state alternative fuel vehicle operators that purchase propane within the state must pay the current Alabama motor fuel tax or they may elect to purchase the annual flat fee decal. The propane dealer or supplier must remit these funds to the LPG Board before the 20th of the month following the date of sale. Decal and road tax requirements for natural gas fuels are suspended until October 1, 2018.

• $0.08 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) until September 30, 2023;
• $0.13 per GGE from October 1, 2023, until September 30, 2028; and
• $0.18 per GGE from October 1, 2028 and beyond.

• $0.08 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) until September 30, 2023;
• $0.13 per DGE from October 1, 2023, until September 30, 2028; and
• $0.18 per DGE from October 1, 2028 and beyond.

Alternative Fuel Tax

The excise tax imposed on compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and propane used to operate a vehicle can be paid through an annual flat rate sticker tax based on the following vehicle weights:

Alternatively, owners and operators may pay an excise tax on CNG of $0.0887 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) measured at standard pressure and temperature, $0.1017 for each diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) of LNG, and $0.06 per gallon of propane. One GGE is equal to 5.66 lbs. of CNG and one DGE is equal to 6.06 lbs. of LNG. The excise tax on ethanol and methanol fuel blends containing up to 15% gasoline or diesel fuel is one-half the tax on gasoline and diesel prescribed by California Revenue and Taxation Code section 8651.

(Reference California Revenue and Taxation Code 8651-8651.8, and California Business and Professions Code 13404 and 13470)

Gasoline and Diesel Gallon Equivalent Definition

Motor fuels, including alternative fuels, may be sold by gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) or diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) as long as the dispenser used for the sale of motor fuel in GGEs or DGEs clearly displays the applicable conversion factor and other required information. (Reference Colorado Revised Statutes 8-20-232.5)

Alternative Fuel Excise Tax

Distributors who sell or use motor fuel, including special fuels, are subject to an excise tax of $0.26 per gallon. Motor fuels that are not commonly sold or measured by the gallon and are used in motor vehicles on public highways are taxed according to their gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). The Georgia Department of Revenue may adjust tax rates annually based on vehicle fuel economy and the Consumer Price Index through July 1, 2018. A GGE of compressed natural gas (CNG) must be at least 110,000 British thermal units and a GGE of liquefied natural gas (LNG) must be at least 6.06 pounds. CNG is defined as a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and vapors, consisting principally of methane in gaseous form that has been compressed for use as a motor fuel. LNG is defined as methane or natural gas in the form of a cryogenic or refrigerated liquid for use as a motor fuel. Propane and special fuels sold in bulk to a licensed consumer distributor are exempt from this tax. The Georgia Department of Revenue may assess, levy, and collect tax for any other motor fuels used on public highways using a GGE rate. (Reference Georgia Code 48-9-1 and 48-9-3)

Propane Vehicle Decals

An individual may place propane into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle only if the vehicle has a valid alternative fuel decal affixed to the front windshield or the individual has submitted an application for a decal within the last 30 days. The cost of the decal varies according to vehicle type and the gross vehicle weight rating. The annual fee may be prorated if the vehicle is newly purchased, registered in Indiana, or converted to operate using an alternative fuel. For propane vehicles registered outside of Indiana, owners must purchase a temporary trip permit from a licensed propane dealer. For more information, see the Indiana Department of Revenue Fuel Tax Forms website. (Reference Indiana Code 6-6-14, 6-6-2.5-22, and 6-6-2.5-67)

Alternative Fuel Tax

The Minnesota Department of Revenue imposes an excise tax on the first licensed distributor that receives E85 fuel products in the state and on distributors, special fuel dealers, or bulk purchasers of other alternative fuels. E85 is taxed at the pump at a rate of $0.2025 per gallon, pure biodiesel (B100) is taxed at $0.285 per gallon, propane is taxed at $0.2135 per gallon, liquefied natural gas is taxed at $0.171 per gallon, and compressed natural gas is taxed at the rate of $2.50 per thousand cubic feet. Gasoline is taxed at the rate of $0.285 per gallon. Exemptions apply. Fuel excise tax rates are updated July 1 of each year and are posted on the Minnesota Fuel Excise Tax Rates and Fees website. (Reference Minnesota Statutes 296A.07 and 296A.08)

Alternative Fuels Tax

Alternative fuels subject to the New Mexico excise tax include liquefied petroleum gas (propane), compressed natural gas (CNG), and liquefied natural gas (LNG). The excise tax imposed on propane is $0.12 per gallon, and the excise tax imposed on CNG and LNG is $0.133 and $0.206 per gallon, respectively. A gallon is measured as 3.785 liters of propane, 5.66 pounds (lbs.) or 126.67 standard cubic feet of CNG, and 6.06 lbs. of LNG. Alternative fuel purchased for distribution is not subject to the excise tax at the time of purchase or acquisition, but the tax is due on any alternative fuel at the time it is dispensed or delivered into the tank of a motor vehicle. Alternative fuel distributors must be licensed by the state. For tax forms and instructions, refer to the New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department website. (Reference New Mexico Statutes 7-16B-1 through 7-16B-10)

Alternative Fuel and Vehicle Tax

Alternative fuels used to operate on-road vehicles are taxed at a rate of $0.162 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). Alternative fuels are taxed at the same rate as gasoline and gasohol (5.1% of the statewide average wholesale price of a gallon of self-serve unleaded regular gasoline). Refer to the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) Fuels Tax Rates and Alternative Fuels Conversion website for fuel-specific GGE calculations. All-electric vehicles (EVs) registered in Virginia are subject to a $64.00 annual license tax at time of registration. For more information, see the Virginia DMV Electric Vehicles website. (Reference Virginia Code 58.1-2217 and 58.1-2249)

Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Annual Fee

Owners of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) and propane powered vehicles are required to pay an annual license fee, based on gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), instead of motor fuel excise taxes. The fee is calculated as follows:

To determine the actual annual license fee imposed per registration year, multiply the appropriate dollar amount given in the above schedule by the motor vehicle fuel tax rate in cents per gallon effective on July 1 of the preceding calendar year, and divide the resulting amount by $0.12. There is an additional $5 handling fee for each license issued.

The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) convened a work group and submitted recommendations to the legislature on an annual license fee that more closely represents the average fuel consumption of vehicles by weight. The work group also developed a transition plan to move more NGVs from the license fee to the fuel tax under Revised Code of Washington 82.38.030. The transition plan incorporates stakeholder feedback and includes draft legislation and cost and revenue estimates. The work group includes representatives from WSDOT, the trucking industry, NGV manufacturers, and other stakeholders. For more information, see WDOT's Annual License Fee in Lieu of Fuel Tax and Natural Gas Recommendations reports.

(Reference Revised Code of Washington 82.32.900 and 82.38.075)

Propane Tax

For taxation purposes, liquefied petroleum gas (propane) used as a motor vehicle fuel must be converted to gasoline gallon equivalents (GGE) using the conversion factor of 4.24 pounds per gallon of liquid at 60 degrees Fahrenheit per GGE. Propane is taxed at a rate of $0.20 per GGE. (Reference South Dakota Statutes 10-47B-3 and 10-47B-4)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Propane Tax

Retail sales for CNG and propane used to operate vehicles are subject to a modified tax based on energy content. CNG is taxed per 120 cubic feet, measured at 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute base pressure. Propane is taxed per gallon. (Reference Montana Code Annotated 15-70-711)

Alternative Fuel Tax

Special fuels, including biodiesel, biodiesel blends, biomass-based diesel, biomass-based diesel blends, and liquefied natural gas (LNG), have a reduced tax rate of $0.27 per gallon. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane) and compressed natural gas (CNG) are taxed at a rate of $0.064 and $0.21 per gallon, respectively. For taxation purposes, a gallon is measured as 126.67 cubic feet of CNG, 36.3 cubic feet (4.2 pounds (lbs.)) of propane or 6.06 lbs. of LNG. (Reference Nevada Revised Statutes 366.190, 366.197, and 373.066)

Alternative Fuel Excise Tax

An excise tax of $0.09 per gallon or gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) is imposed on all compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and propane sold for use in registered motor vehicles. Additionally, each retailer of such fuel must pay an excise tax of $0.058 per gallon or GGE on all CNG, LNG, and propane fuel sold for use in registered motor vehicles. Additional taxes as specified annually under these statutes may apply. (Reference Nebraska Revised Statutes 66-6,102; 66-6,107; and 66-6,109)

Alternative Fuel Tax Rates

Blended fuels that contain at least 10% gasoline or diesel are taxed at the full tax rates of gasoline ($0.30 per gallon) or diesel ($0.312 per gallon). Alternative fuel tax rates are as follows:

For more information see the Maine Revenue Services website. (Reference Maine Revised Statutes Title 36, Section 3203)

Alternative Fuels Tax

A state excise tax is imposed on the use of alternative fuels. Alternative fuels include propane and natural gas. The current tax rates are as follows: $0.226 per gallon of propane; $0.247 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of compressed natural gas; and $0.197 per GGE of liquefied natural gas. No tax is imposed on alternative fuels used by the U.S. government or its agencies (when presented with a valid exemption certificate) or on vehicles used for urban mass transportation of passengers. For more information, see the Wisconsin Department of Revenue Alternate Fuel Tax website. (Reference Wisconsin Statutes 78.40)

Alternative Fuels Tax

Alternative fuels used to propel vehicles of any kind on public highways are taxed at a rate determined on a gasoline gallon equivalent basis. For more information, including applicable tax rates, see the Pennsylvania Department of Revenue Motor and Alternative Fuel Taxes website. Certain exemptions apply. (Reference Title 75 Pennsylvania Statutes, Part VI, Chapter 90, Section 9004)

Alternative Fuel Tax Rate

A distributor of any alternative fuel used to operate an internal combustion engine must pay a license tax of $0.0025 for each gallon of alternative fuel the distributor sells or uses. In addition, a distributor must pay a license tax for each gallon of fuel sold or used by the distributor for operating a motor vehicle on state public highways according to the following rates:

For other alternative fuels, the rate is based on the energy content of the fuels as compared to diesel fuel, using a lower heating value of 130,000 British thermal units per gallon as a standard for diesel, so that the tax rate, on an energy content basis, is equal to one-quarter the rate for diesel fuel. Counties may impose additional taxes. (Reference Hawaii Revised Statutes 243-4 and 243-5)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Tax

CNG is taxed at a rate of $0.10 per gallon when used as a motor fuel. CNG is defined as natural gas that has been compressed for use as a motor vehicle fuel and that, for the purposes of taxation as a motor vehicle fuel, is converted to liquid gasoline gallon equivalent at the rate of 126.67 cubic feet of its natural service delivery line pressure to equal one volumetric gross gallon of gasoline. (Reference South Dakota Statutes 10-47B-3 and 10-47B-4)

Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Decal

The state motor fuel tax does not apply to passenger vehicles, certain buses, or commercial vehicles that are powered by an alternative fuel, if the vehicles obtain an AFV decal. Owners or operators of such vehicles that also own or operate a personal fueling station must pay an annual alternative fuel decal fee, as listed below. Alternative fuel motor vehicles licensed as historic vehicles are exempt from the alternative fuel decal requirement.

Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Tax and Fee

Compressed natural gas (CNG) used in motor vehicles is subject to a state motor fuel tax of $0.05 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) until January 1, 2020. Beginning January 1, 2020, the tax rate increases to match the rate imposed on diesel fuel. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also subject to a state motor fuel tax rate of $0.05 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) until January 1, 2020, after which the tax rate increases to match the rate imposed on diesel fuel.

Biodiesel Tax

Biodiesel and biodiesel blends are taxed at the state motor fuel excise tax rate of $0.28 per gallon. Beginning the fiscal quarter after which a biodiesel production facility in the state reaches a name plate capacity of at least 20 million gallons per year and fully produces at least 10 million gallons of biodiesel within one year, the tax on biodiesel and biodiesel blends is reduced to $0.26 per gallon. Biodiesel is defined as a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel must meet the requirements of ASTM specification D6751 and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency registration and health effects testing program, as written January 1, 2008. Biodiesel blends are defined as blended special fuel containing a minimum of 5% biodiesel (B5). (Reference South Dakota Statutes 10-47B-3 through 10-47B-10)

Alternative Fuels Tax and Reporting

Excise taxes on alternative fuels are imposed on a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis. The tax rate for each alternative fuel type is based on the number of motor vehicles licensed in the state that use the specific fuel, not including vehicles the federal government owns or leases. The Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration (DFA) and the Arkansas State Highways and Transportation Department must prepare an annual report with the number of alternative fuel vehicles licensed in the state and the tax revenue generated. The DFA must establish the annual tax rate by April 1st. Licensed alternative fuel suppliers must pay alternative fuel taxes for product dispensed, sold to a dealer or user, or used in a motor vehicle owned or operated by the alternative fuel supplier. Alternative fuel suppliers must prepare a monthly report on the number of GGEs of alternative fuels sold and possess a sufficient number of credits (also known as sales tickets) to cover the alternative fuel sales tax. (Reference Arkansas Code 19-6-301, 26-56-502, 26-56-601, and 26-62-201 through 262-62-209)

Natural Gas Tax

Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) used as motor fuel must be sold in gasoline gallon equivalents (GGE) or diesel gallon equivalents (DGE). A GGE of CNG is equal to 5.66 pounds (lbs.) and a DGE of LNG is equal to 6.06 lbs.

Operators of motor vehicles capable of using natural gas must pay an annual flat rate privilege tax if the vehicle has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 lbs. or less. Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) with a GVWR greater than 10,000 lbs. are subject to privilege taxes charged per hundred cubic feet of CNG and per diesel gallon equivalent of LNG; operators must prepay a portion of this tax annually. The Mississippi Department of Revenue may require the operator of five or more NGVs to pay the tax on all fuel purchased for any purpose; in this case, the fuel distributor will collect the excise tax at the time of sale or delivery. Distributors of natural gas for use in motor vehicles must also pay a privilege tax. Taxes on distributors and utilities do not apply to sales or deliveries made to persons who hold permitted compressed gas user's decals.

(Reference Mississippi Code 27-59-11 and 75-27-114)

Alternative Fuel Tax Rates

A special excise tax rate of 2% is imposed on the sale of propane and an excise tax of $0.23 per gallon is imposed on all special fuels sales and deliveries, including compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). One gallon of special fuel is equal to 120 cubic feet of CNG or 1.7 gallons of LNG. Retailers must obtain a license from the Office of the State Tax Commissioner to sell special fuels. Exceptions apply. (Reference North Dakota Century Code 57-43.2-02 through 57-43.2-05)

Natural Gas and Propane Fuel Tax

Any individual using or selling compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) as a motor fuel must report fuel use and remit taxes due to the Kansas Department of Revenue on a monthly basis. The minimum tax imposed on CNG is $0.24 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE), LNG is $0.26 per GGE, and propane is $0.23 per gallon. The state imposes a tax rate of $0.24 per gallon on conventional motor fuel.

Alternatively, CNG, LNG, and propane vehicle users may apply for special permit decals to pay motor fuel taxes on a mileage basis. The number of gallons used on Kansas highways is determined based on the following miles per gallon (mpg) estimates:

(Reference Kansas Statutes79-3490, 79-3491a through 79-3492e, and 79-34,141)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Propane Tax and User Permit

LNG and propane used as motor fuel are taxed on a per vehicle basis through an annual flat fee special fuel user's permit. The fee is based on the vehicle's gross vehicle weight rating. For each vehicle fueled by LNG or propane, the vehicle owner must apply for and obtain a liquefied gas special fuel user's permit from the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration (DFA). For more information, including fees and applications, see the DFA website. (Reference Arkansas Code 26-56-102, 26-56-301 and 26-56-304)

Ethanol and Methanol Tax

Ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol motor fuels are taxed at a rate of $0.14 per gallon when used as a motor fuel. Ethyl alcohol is defined as a motor fuel that is typically derived from agricultural products that have been denatured. Methyl alcohol is a motor fuel that is most commonly derived from wood products. (Reference South Dakota Statutes 10-47B-3 and 10-47B-4)

E85 Tax Rate and Definition

The minimum motor vehicle fuel tax rate on E85 is $0.17 per gallon, compared to the conventional motor fuel tax rate of $0.24 per gallon. E85 is defined as an alternative fuel that is a blend of denatured ethanol and hydrocarbon and typically contains 85% ethanol by volume, but must contain at least 70% ethanol by volume and complies with ASTM specification D5798-99. (Reference Kansas Statutes 79-3401; 79-3490; and 79-34,141)

Alternative Fuel Excise Taxes

All licensed on-road vehicles fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (propane) are subject to a special fuels tax through the Excise Taxes Division of the Louisiana Department of Revenue. Vehicle owners or operators must pay a special fuels tax of $0.16 per gallon equivalent of natural gas at the time fuel is dispensed or delivered into the tank of a motor vehicle. A gasoline gallon equivalent is equal to 5.66 lbs. of CNG and a diesel gallon equivalent is equal to 6.06 lbs. of liquefied natural gas (LNG). A gallon of propane is subject to 73% of the state tax on a gallon of gasoline. Alternative fuel distributers must be licensed by the state. (Reference Louisiana Revised Statutes 47:802.3)

Ethanol Fuel Blend Tax Rate

The tax rate on fuel containing ethanol is $0.06 per gallon less than the tax rate on other motor fuels in certain geographic areas. This reduced rate is in effect during months ethanol fuel blends must be sold, transferred, or used to operate motor vehicles to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and attain federal or state air quality standards. (Reference Alaska Statutes 43.40.010)

Municipal Alternative Fuel Tax Regulation

A taxing jurisdiction may not levy a tax or fee, however denominated, on natural gas or propane used to propel a motor vehicle. (Reference Arizona Revised Statutes 42-6004)

Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Registration

A fee of $75 is required for the registration of an AFV that operates on electricity, solar power, or any other source of energy not otherwise taxed under the state motor fuel tax laws. Compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, and propane are not subject to this requirement. (Reference Nebraska Revised Statutes 60-306 and 60-3,191)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Fee

PEV owners must pay an annual vehicle registration renewal fee of $150. This fee expires if the legislature imposes a vehicle miles traveled fee or tax in the state. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with an all-electric range of at least 30 miles are subject to the registration renewal fee. PEV registration fees will contribute to the state's Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Bank to deploy charging stations through public-private partnerships. (Reference Revised Code of Washington 46.17.323)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Road User Assessment System Pilot

The Washington Transportation Commission (Commission) established a steering committee to determine the feasibility of transitioning from a fuel tax to a road user assessment system in the state. In 2012, the Commission conducted a limited scope pilot project to test the feasibility of this new system as it applies to PEVs. For the results of this evaluation, see the Washington State Department of Transportation Report. The Commission began a year-long pilot project in fall 2017. For more information, see the Commission's Road Usage Charge Assessment website.

Natural Gas Tax

Natural gas used to propel a motor vehicle is not subject to the state gasoline tax, but is subject to state sales and use tax. (Reference Vermont Statutes Title 32, Chapter 233, Section 9741, and Title 23, Chapter 28, Section 3101)

Alternative Fuels Tax

Alternative fuels are subject to an excise tax at a rate of $0.205 per gasoline gallon equivalent, with a variable component equal to at least 5% of the average wholesale price of the fuel. (Reference West Virginia Code 11-14C-2, 11-14C-5, 11-14C-6a, 11-15A-13a, and 11-15-18b)

Natural Gas and Propane Tax

Effective January 1, 2019, propane, compressed natural gas (CNG), and liquefied natural gas (LNG) will be subject to an excise tax at a rate of $0.04 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE), plus a $0.01 ninth-cent fuel tax, a $0.01 local option fuel tax, and an additional variable component to be determined by the Florida Department of Revenue (Department) each calendar year for the following 12-month period. To determine this tax, the Department will require each propane and natural gas retailer to file monthly electronic reports beginning February 2019. For taxation purposes, one GGE is equal to 5.66 pounds (lbs.) or 126.67 standard cubic feet of CNG; 6.06 lbs. of LNG; and 1.35 gallons of propane. Exemptions may apply. (Reference Florida Statutes 206.9955, 206.9965, and 206.996)

Natural Gas and Propane Reports

The Florida Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability (Office) was required to complete a report that analyzes the taxation and use of natural gas and propane as alternative fuels in the state. The report evaluates growth trends in the use of these fuels in Florida and surveyed how other states tax and incentivize consumers to use natural gas and propane. Additionally, the report surveyed Florida fuel consumers and suppliers. The Office published its review of the taxation of natural gas and propane in October 2017.

The Office was also required to analyze the economic benefits resulting from the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' propane and natural gas vehicle rebates. The Office submitted a final report to the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services in November 2015.

(Reference Florida Statutes 206.997)

Natural Gas Tax

Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) dispensed into a motor vehicle is taxed at a rate of $0.15 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) or diesel gallon equivalent (DGE), depending on how the dispenser lists the price. A GGE is defined as 5.66 pounds (lbs.) of CNG or 5.37 lbs. of LNG. A DGE is defined as 6.38 lbs. of CNG or 6.06 lbs. of LNG. Exemptions may apply. (Reference Texas Statutes, Tax Code 162.001, and 162.351-162.356)

Biodiesel Producer Fuel Tax

Municipalities, counties, or school districts producing biodiesel must file a return documenting their biodiesel production activities and pay $0.03 of the $0.04 tax required under Florida Statutes 206.87(1)(a), (b), and (c) each month to the Florida Department of Revenue. (Reference Florida Statutes 206.874)

Alternative Fuel Tax

Compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are subject to excise tax imposed on a per gallon basis as follows:

(Reference Colorado Revised Statutes 39-27-102)

Special Fuel License Tax

Certain special fuels sold or used to propel motor vehicles are subject to a license tax. Liquefied natural gas is subject to a tax of $0.16 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE). Compressed natural gas, butane, and propane are subject to a tax of $0.16 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). Beginning July 1, 2017, the tax rate will be determined based on the lesser of the tax rate determined by the special fuel tax index factor of $0.26 per DGE or GGE. From July 1, 2018, through July 1, 2024, the tax rate will be determined each year based on the special fuel tax index factor. The tax does not apply to nominal biodiesel blends of at least 20% (B20); special fuel used only for a personal, noncommercial use and not for resale; and biodiesel used by a biodiesel producer holding an exemption certificate. Other exemptions apply. For more information, see the Indiana Miscellaneous Tax Rates website. (Reference Indiana Code 6-6-2.5 and 6-6-1.6)

Special Fuel Motor Carrier Fuel Tax

A person who operates a commercial motor vehicle on any highway in Indiana is subject to a surcharge tax on the consumption of motor fuel. The tax rate is $0.11 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) for liquefied natural gas or biodiesel and $0.11 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) for compressed natural gas. Beginning July 1, 2017, the tax rate will be determined based on the lesser of the tax rate determined by the special fuel tax index factor or $0.21 per DGE or GGE. From July 1, 2018, through July 1, 2024, the tax rate will be determined each year based on the special fuel tax index factor. For more information, see the Indiana Miscellaneous Tax Rates website. (Reference House Bill 1002, 2017, and Indiana Code 6-6-4.1 and 6-6-1.6)

Alternative Fuel Excise Tax

Compressed natural gas motor fuel is subject to the state fuel excise tax at the rate of $0.34 per 120 cubic feet, measured at 14.73 pounds per square inch and 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Propane motor fuel is subject to the excise tax $0.34 per 1.3 gallons at 60 degrees Fahrenheit. (Reference Oregon Revised Statutes 319.530)

Alternative Fuel Excise Tax

Propane and compressed natural gas (CNG) are subject to a federal excise tax of $0.183 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). The liquefied natural gas (LNG) tax rate is $0.243 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE). For taxation purposes, one GGE is equal to 5.75 pounds (lbs.) of propane and 5.66 lbs. of CNG. One DGE is equal to 6.06 lbs. of LNG. (Reference Public Law 114-41 and 26 U.S. Code 4041 and 4081)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Measurement

LNG is measured in motor fuel gallon equivalents. One gallon of LNG is the equivalent of one gallon of motor fuel. (Reference Ohio Revised Code 5735.012 and 5735.011)

Electric Vehicle (EV) Annual Fee

The owner of an EV that is exclusively powered by electricity must pay a fee of $130 in addition to any other required registration fees at the time of initial registration and annual registration renewal. (Reference North Carolina General Statutes 20-87)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tax

LNG is taxed at a rate of $0.14 per gallon when used as a motor fuel. For taxation purposes, LNG is converted to its gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) at the rate of 1.5536 gallons of LNG to equal one volumetric gross gallon of gasoline. LNG is defined as natural gas for use as a motor fuel, which has been cooled to approximately -260 degrees Fahrenheit and is in a liquid state. (Reference South Dakota Statutes 10-47B-3 and 10-47B-4)

Alternative Fuel Tax

Compressed natural gas used as a special motor fuel is subject to the state fuel excise tax of $0.31 per gasoline gallon equivalent, measured at 5.66 pounds (lbs.) or 126.67 cubic feet at a base temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 14.73 lbs. per square inch. Liquefied natural gas is subject to the excise tax of $0.325 per diesel gallon equivalent, measured at 6.06 lbs. Liquefied petroleum gas (propane) is subject to the excise tax of $0.30 per gallon. E85 is subject to the excise tax of $0.290 per gallon. (Reference Iowa Code 452A.2 and 452A.86)

Natural Gas and Propane Vehicle License Fee

Drivers using natural gas or propane to fuel a vehicle may pay an annual special use fuel license fee in lieu of the state fuel excise tax of $0.34 per gallon. The fee is determined by multiplying a base amount in the table below by the current tax rate and dividing by 12.

(Reference Oregon Revised Statutes 319.535)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Fee

PEV owners must pay an annual fee of $50, in addition to other registration fees, for a PEV decal. Fees contribute to the Highway Users Tax Fund and the Electric Vehicle Grant Fund, which provides grants for EVSE. (Reference Colorado Revised Statutes 42-3-304)

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Propane Tax

CNG and propane used in motor vehicles is subject to a state motor fuel tax rate of $0.26 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). For taxation purposes, one GGE is equal to 126.67 standard cubic feet of natural gas and 35.97 cubic feet of propane. (Reference Connecticut General Statutes 12-458, and Special Notice 2014-2)

Alternative Fuel Tax

Compressed natural gas (CNG) used as a vehicle fuel is taxed on a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) basis as follows:

• $0.05 per GGE until December 31, 2019;
• $0.11 per GGE from January 1, 2020, until December 31, 2024; and
• $0.17 per GGE from January 1, 2025, and beyond.

• $0.05 per DGE until December 31, 2019;
• $0.11 per DGE from January 1, 2020, until December 31, 2024; and
• $0.17 per DGE from January 1, 2025, and beyond.

• $0.05 per gallon until December 31, 2019;
• $0.11 per gallon from January 1, 2020, until December 31, 2024; and
• $0.17 per gallon from January 1, 2025, and beyond.

Alternative Fuels Road Tax

Alternative fuels including, but not limited to, natural gas or propane sold by a licensed alternative fuel dealer and used in on-road vehicles is subject to a $0.222 per gallon equivalent road tax. The New Hampshire Department of Safety will define rules for the applicable conversion rates for natural gas and propane based on nationally recognized standards for weights and measures. Certain exemptions apply, including sales to government entities, between duly licensed distributors, and sales of exported motor fuel. For taxation purposes, electricity is not considered an alternative fuel. For more information, see the Road Toll Bureau website. (Reference New Hampshire Revised Statutes 259:3-d, 259:58-b, 260:32c, 260:47, and 260:52)

Alternative Fuels Tax

The state motor fuel tax on liquefied natural gas (LNG) is imposed based on the diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) and the tax on propane and compressed natural gas (CNG) is based on the gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). For taxation purposes, one GGE of propane and CNG is equal to 5.75 pounds (lbs.) and 5.66 lbs., respectively, and one DGE of LNG is equal to 6.06 lbs. The North Carolina Department of Revenue will determine the equivalent rate for all other non-liquid alternative fuels. Certain exclusions apply. For more information, including current tax rates, see the Motor Fuels Tax Information website. (Reference North Carolina General Statutes 105-449.130 and 105-449.136)

Vehicle Miles Traveled Tax Feasibility Study Committee

The California Transportation Commission (Commission) and the California Transportation Agency (Agency) formed a Road Usage Charge (RUC) Technical Advisory Committee (Committee) to study RUC alternatives to the gas tax and assess the potential for mileage-based revenue collection. Based on the recommendations of the Committee, the Agency implemented a pilot program to identify and evaluate issues related to potential implementation of an RUC program. The Agency submitted a final report of its findings to the California State Legislature on December 1, 2017. For more information, see the Agency's Road Charge Pilot Program website. (Reference California Vehicle Code 3090-3093)

Natural Gas and Hydrogen Tax

Compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen are taxed at a rate of $0.165 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is taxed at a rate of $0.165 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE). One GGE is equal to 5.660 pounds (lbs.) of CNG or 2.198 lbs. of hydrogen. One DGE is equal to 6.06 lbs. of LNG. (Reference Utah Code 59-13-102 and 59-13-301)

Alternative Fuel Tax

An excise tax rate of 9% of the average wholesale price on a per gallon basis applies to all special fuels, including diesel, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (propane), ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, and any other combustible gases and liquids, excluding gasoline, used to propel motor vehicles. Additionally, a highway motor fuel tax of $0.02 per gallon applies to all special fuels. For taxation purposes, one gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) of compressed natural gas (CNG) is equal to 5.66 pounds (lbs.) or 126.67 cubic feet. One GGE of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is equal to 6.06 lbs. (Reference Kentucky Administrative Regulations 103.43:330 and Kentucky Revised Statutes 131.130, 138.210, 138.220, and 138.226)

Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Decal Fee

Owners of PEVs must pay a one-time decal fee of $200. (Reference House Bill 0166, 2019, and Wyoming Statutes 39-17-301 (a) and 31-3-102 (a))

Alternative Fuel Tax Rate

A license tax of $0.24 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) or diesel gallon equivalent (DGE) is collected on all alternative fuel used, sold, or distributed for sale or use in Wyoming. Alternative fuels include compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), propane, electricity, and renewable diesel. For taxation purposes, one GGE of CNG is equal to 5.66 pounds (lbs.), one DGE of LNG is equal to 6.06 lbs., one GGE of propane is equal to 1.35 gallons, and one GGE of electricity is equal to 33.56 kilowatt-hours. For more information, refer to the Wyoming Department of Transportation Tax Rates website. (Reference Wyoming Statutes 39-17-104, 39-17-204, 39-17-303, and 39-17-304)

Natural Gas Tax

Compressed natural gas used as a special motor fuel is subject to the state fuel excise tax rate of $0.32 per gasoline gallon equivalent, measured at 5.66 lbs. or 126.67 cubic feet at a base temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 14.7 lbs. per square inch. Liquefied natural gas is also subject to the excise tax rate of $0.349 per diesel gallon equivalent, measured at 6.06 lbs. (Reference Idaho Statutes 63-2402 and 63-2424)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Annual Fee

PEV owners are required to pay an annual license fee of $213.69 for non-commercial PEVs and $320.54 for commercial PEVs. The Georgia Department of Revenue may adjust fees annually based on vehicle fuel economy and the Consumer Price Index through July 1, 2019. (Reference Georgia Code 40-2-151)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Fee

In addition to standard registration fees, PEV owners must pay an annual fee of $140 and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle owners must pay an annual fee of $75. Neighborhood electric vehicles are exempt from the fee. (Reference Idaho Statutes 49-402 and 49-457)

Natural Gas Measurement

Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) used for transportation must be sold in gasoline gallon equivalents (GGE) or diesel gallon equivalents (DGE) prescribed by the state, unless equivalent measures are established by the National Conference on Weights and Measures. According to current state law, one GGE is equal to 5.66 pounds (lbs.) of CNG. One DGE is equal to 6.38 lbs. of CNG or 6.06 lbs. of LNG. (Reference Tennessee Code 47-26-914)

Natural Gas Measurement

The Oklahoma Department of Labor (DOL) must standardize compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) measurements for retail motor vehicle fuel, unless the National Conference on Weights and Measures has established equivalent measures. Until the DOL standardizes measurements, a gasoline gallon equivalent is equal to 5.66 pounds (lbs.) of CNG and a diesel gallon equivalent is equal to 6.06 lbs. of LNG. (Reference Oklahoma Statutes 83-119)

Alternative Fuel Excise Tax

Alternative fuels are taxed equal to the motor fuel tax on a gallon equivalent basis. Alternative fuels include natural gas, propane, hydrogen, and hythane. A gallon equivalent is defined as 5.660 pounds (lbs.) of compressed natural gas, 6.06 lbs. of liquefied natural gas, 480.11 standard cubic feet of hydrogen, and 162.44 standard cubic feet of hydrogen compressed natural gas. A gallon of propane is measured as 4 quarts or 3.785 liters. (Reference Michigan Compiled Laws 207.1003, 207.1151, and 207.1152)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Fee

In addition to standard registration fees, PEVs, including all-electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with a minimum battery capacity of 4 kilowatt-hours, are subject to an annual fee. The specific fees are as follows:

PHEV fees will increase by $2.50 per $0.01 that the state motor fuel tax exceeds $0.19 and EV fees will increase by $5.00 per $0.01 that the state motor fuel tax exceeds $0.19.

(Reference Michigan Compiled Laws 257.801)

Alternative Fuel Commercial User Tax

An alternative fuel commercial user that has not paid fuel taxes to an alternative fuel dealer must file a monthly report with the Michigan Department of Treasury (Department) to determine taxes owed under Michigan Compiled Laws 207.1152. By the twentieth day of each month, users must file the report detailing the number of gallons or gallon equivalents of alternative fuel consumed during the preceding month. Alternative fuel commercial users must pay the full amount of tax due to the Department at the time of filing the report. (Reference Michigan Compiled Laws 207.1154)

Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Fee

Beginning July 1, 2020, ZEV owners must pay an annual road improvement fee of $100 upon vehicle registration or registration renewal for ZEVs model year 2020 and later. The California Department of Motor Vehicles will increase the fee annually to account for inflation, equal to the increase in the California Consumer Price Index for the prior year. (Reference California Vehicle Code 9250.6)

Alternative Fuel Tax

Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied gas used for operating motor vehicles on public highways is subject to excise tax imposed on a per gallon basis as follows:

For the purposes of this tax, the Tennessee Department of Revenue (Department) uses a CNG gallon equivalent factor of 5.66 pounds (lbs.) and a liquefied gas gallon equivalent factor of 6.06 lbs. Liquefied gas is all combustible gas that exists in the gaseous state at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and at a pressure of 14.7 lbs. per square inch, but does not include gasoline, diesel fuel, or CNG. Government agencies are exempt from this tax. (Reference Tennessee Code 67-3-1101 to 67-3-1103 and 67-3-1113)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Fee

In addition to standard registration fees, PEV owners must pay an annual fee of $100. Low-speed and medium-speed vehicles are exempt from the fee. (Reference Tennessee Code 55-4-116)

Alternative Fuel and Special Fuel Inventory Tax

Owners of fuel that have title to a fuel storage tank containing propane, biodiesel, blended biodiesel, compressed natural gas, or liquefied natural gas for sale to a motor carrier for highway use in Indiana are subject to an inventory tax. The tax rate is based on the number of gallons of fuel in storage at the close of business on the inventory date, minus the amount of fuel that is below the mouth of the draw pipe. To account for the fuel that will not be pumped, a fuel owner may deduct 200 gallons from the fuel inventory for a fuel storage tank with a capacity of less than 10,000 gallons, and 400 gallons for a fuel storage tank with a capacity of over 10,000 gallons. (Reference Indiana Code 6-6-4.1 and 6-6-2.5-29)

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fee

In addition to standard registration fees, owners of vehicles fueled with natural gas, hydrogen, or electricity must pay an annual fee of $200. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle owners must pay an annual fee of $100. (Reference West Virginia Code 17A-10-3C)

Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fee

Owners of plug-in electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles must pay a biennial fee of $120, in addition to standard registration fees. Hybrid electric vehicle owners must pay a biennial fee of $60. (Reference South Carolina Code of Laws 56-3-645 and 12-28-110(39))

Plug-In Electric Vehicle and Vehicle Efficiency Fees

Beginning January 1, 2020, all-electric vehicle (EV) owners must pay an annual fee of $110. Beginning January 1, 2022, EV owners must pay a fee of $115. Medium-speed EV owners must pay an annual fee of $58. All other vehicles must pay an annual fee in the following amounts:

These fees are in addition to standard registration fees. (Reference Oregon Revised Statutes 803.420-803.422)

Alternative Fuels Tax and Reporting

Alternative fuel dealers must sell liquefied natural gas (LNG) and propane used as motor fuel in diesel gallon equivalents (DGEs). For taxation purposes, LNG and propane must be reported as DGEs and are taxed at a rate of $0.215 per DGE. One DGE is equal to 6.06 pounds (lbs.) of LNG and 6.41 lbs. of propane. Alternative fuel dealers must sell compressed natural gas (CNG) used as motor fuel in gasoline gallon equivalents (GGEs). CNG must be reported in GGEs and is taxed at a rate of $0.19 GGE. One GGE is equal to 5.66 lbs. of CNG. (Reference Senate Bill 2801, 2017)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Fees

In addition to standard registration fees, all-electric vehicle owners must pay an annual fee of $100. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and HEV owners must pay an annual fee of $75. Vehicles with a battery capacity of less than four kilowatt-hours are exempt from the fee. (Reference Wisconsin Statutes 341.25(1)(L))

Plug-In Electric Vehicle and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Fees

In addition to standard registration fees, all-electric vehicle owners must pay an annual fee of $150. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and HEV owners must pay an annual fee of $75. Beginning July 1, 2021, the Mississippi Department of Revenue will increase the fee annually to account for inflation, equal to the increase in the Consumer Price Index for urban consumers for the prior year. (Reference House Bill 1, 2018)