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Public Electric Vehicle Charging Station Utilization in the United States
12/12/2022
The utilization of electric vehicle (EV) charging equipment is a key driver of charging station economics, but current trends and factors related to the utilization of public charging infrastructure in the United States are not well understood. This study analyzes EV charging data from 3,705 nationwide public Level 2 and direct current fast charging stations over 2.5 years (2019–2022), observing utilization patterns over time. This study fills a critical research gap by reporting updated public charging station utilization statistics and analysis for the U.S. market.
Authors: Borlaug, B.; Yang, F.; Pritchard, E.; Wood, E., Gonder, J.
United States EV Market Summary: Q1 and Q2 2022
12/1/2022
Atlas Public Policy presents a market summary report for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean Cities network. This report summarizes major developments in transportation electrification in the United States with a focus on activities during the first and second quarters of 2022.
Authors: Lepre, N.
Florida Alternative Transportation Fuel Resilience Plan
12/1/2022
Many counties and cities in Florida are developing resilience plans to help them minimize damage from hurricanes and accelerate recovery. Fuel diversification can add to Florida’s transportation resilience because if the supply of one fuel gets disrupted during a hurricane, there is a good chance that the supplies of other fuels are still available. The Florida Alternative Transportation Fuel Resilience Plan aims to address these factors and create a strategy for how three alternative fuels (natural gas, propane, and electricity) can best be employed to improve transportation resilience in Florida. It does this through a combination of literature review and stakeholder engagement for best practices, vehicle technology recommendations, the creation of three tools (with descriptions and brief guides included), and charting how stakeholders coordinate to overcome these hurdles.
Authors: Johnson, C.; Cappellucci, J.; Spath Luhring, L.; St. Louis-Sanchez, M.; Yang, F.; Brown, A.; Sipiora, A.; Kolpakov, A.; Li, X.; Li, Q.; White, S.; Gonzales, J.; Erin Nobler, E.; Wood, E.
Electric Vehicle Batteries and Recycling
12/1/2022
Demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing. Electricity is cheaper and cleaner than conventional fuel, and EV maintenance costs are low. Also attractive are EVs' instant torque and quiet operation. In addition to advantages for individual drivers and for fleets, the multiple fuel sources used to generate the electricity that powers EVs create more energy resilience for the transportation sector, which supports national security. With this uptick in EV demand comes questions about their batteries, how they are made, their safety, and what happens to them at the end of a vehicle's life.
Authors: Argonne National Laboratory
Local Government Playbook: How Counties, Cities, and Towns Can Support EV Infrastructure and Leverage Federal Investments
12/1/2022
This report is designed to support local governments as they develop and implement electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure deployment programs and implement programs funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to achieve their transportation electrification goals. This report discusses near- and long-term policy recommendations for local governments, outlines how local governments can engage in state and regional planning, discusses best practices for stakeholder and community engagement, and discusses infrastructure site planning.
Assessment of Light-Duty Plug-in Electric Vehicles in the United States, 2010 – 2021
11/1/2022
This report examines properties of electric vehicles (EVs) sold in the United States from 2010 to 2021, evaluating range, energy efficiency, costs, and performance. Given the vehicle characteristics, this report estimates miles driven, electricity consumption, petroleum reduction, and greenhouse gas emissions attributable to EVs. It also explores vehicle manufacturing and battery production, considering supply chains from battery cells to assembly.
Authors: Gohlke, D.; Zhou, Y.; Wu, X.; Courtney, C.
Assessment of Light-Duty EV Costs and Consumer Benefits in the United States in the 2022–2035 Time Frame
10/3/2022
This paper analyzes bottom-up vehicle component-level costs to assess average battery electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid vehicle, and conventional vehicle prices across major U.S. light-duty vehicle classes through 2035. These cost estimates are used to evaluate broader consumer benefits, as well as to discuss the implications for vehicle emission regulations in the United States.
Authors: Slowik, P.; Isenstadt, A.; Pierce, L.; Searle, S.
Notes:
This copyrighted publication can be accessed on the International Council on Clean Transportation's website.
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: First Quarter 2022
9/21/2022
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling Station Locator contains information on public and private nonresidential alternative fueling stations in the United States and Canada and currently tracks ethanol (E85), biodiesel, compressed natural gas, electric vehicle (EV) charging, hydrogen, liquefied natural gas, and propane stations. Of these fuels, EV charging continues to experience rapidly changing technology and growing infrastructure. This report provides a snapshot of the state of EV charging infrastructure in the United States in the first calendar quarter of 2022 (Q1). Using data from the Station Locator, this report breaks down the growth of public and private charging infrastructure by charging level, network, and location. Additionally, this report measures the current state of charging infrastructure compared with two different 2030 infrastructure requirement scenarios. This information is intended to help transportation planners, policymakers, researchers, infrastructure developers, and others understand the rapidly changing landscape of EV charging infrastructure. This is the ninth report in a series.
Authors: Brown, A.; Cappellucci, J.; Schayowitz, A.; White, E.; Heinrich, A.; Cost, E.
Duluth Transit Authority Battery-Electric Bus Evaluation
9/1/2022
In 2018, Duluth Transit Authority (DTA) began operating a fleet of seven battery-electric buses (BEBs) in its service area of Duluth, Minnesota. DTA is collaborating with the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to evaluate the buses in revenue service. The focus of the evaluation is to compare performance and cost of the BEBs to that of conventional technology in similar service and track progress over time. DTA enlisted the help of the Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) to manage the project and provide technical services with the BEB fleet and infrastructure. This report contains a combination of analyses performed by NREL and by CTE.
Authors: Jeffers, M.; Eudy, L.; Bigelow, E.; Olberding, G.; Posner, A.
Title Utility Transportation Electrification Planning— Emerging Practices to Support EV Deployment
9/1/2022
Utilities are expecting millions of new electric vehicles (EVs) to hit the road over the next decade. To accelerate and adapt to this shift, they are planning increased investments in the grid, greater outreach to customers, special rates for EV charging, and direct investments in transportation electrification (e.g., charging infrastructure and vehicle purchases). This report examines a select sample of utility transportation electrification planning efforts to identify emerging trends and make recommendations on the planning process.
Authors: Huether, P.; Cohn, C.; Jennings, B.
Cracking the Code to EV Readiness in New Buildings
9/1/2022
While incentives for electric vehicles (EVs) and charging infrastructure have contributed to growth in EV adoption, building codes are effective tools to advance “EV-readiness” by requiring new construction to support convenient EV charging. This paper presents considerations, guidance, and examples for municipalities and other jurisdictions establishing policies for EV readiness in new buildings. It provides an introduction to EV readiness in building codes and discusses best practices in infrastructure development such as intelligent load sharing. It presents an overview of why and how EV readiness was incorporated into the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system. Further, it includes case studies of municipal codes and a utility program that partners with builders to incentivize EV readiness in new homes. Finally, it summarizes key opportunities for advancing transportation electrification through EV-ready building codes.
Authors: Banwell, P.; Steiner, K.; Miller, K.; Kelly, E.; Kay, S.; Noblet, S.
2022 Annual Evaluation of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Deployment and Hydrogen Fuel Station Network Development
9/1/2022
California's Assembly Bill 8 requires the California Air Resources Board (ARB) to assess the size of the current and future fuel cell electric vehicle fleet annually, based on vehicle registrations with the Department of Motor Vehicles, auto manufacturer responses to ARB surveys of projected future sales, and current and future hydrogen fuel station locations and capacity. This information informs the state’s decisions for future funding of hydrogen fuel stations, including the number and location of stations as well as minimum technical requirements for those stations.
Design Recommendations for Accessible EV Charging Stations
8/11/2022
This technical assistance document covers Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) accessibility requirements applicable to electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. It provides multiple recommendations for designing accessible EV charging stations by offering guidance on elements not addressed in the current ADA and ABA. This technical assistance will aid in the development of a national network of EV charging stations that is accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. The technical assistance document is a valuable resource for those involved in the planning, designing, building, installing, and use of EV charging stations, including state and local governments, designers and developers, electrical and construction professionals, equipment manufacturers, automakers, utility providers, charge point operators and e-mobility service providers, EV owners, and people with disabilities.
Grand Teton National Park Federal Fleet Tiger Team EVSE Site Assessment
8/1/2022
In developing and implementing federal zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) fleet strategy, agencies should focus on evaluating electric vehicle (EV) deployment opportunities at individual fleet locations, which have unique site, vehicle operating, and utility service characteristics. This is best achieved through site assessments to evaluate opportunities for ZEV acquisitions, identify optimal ZEV candidates, and determine optimal electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) deployment strategies. This site report supports the development of a ZEV deployment plan for the Grand Teton National Park that can ultimately be incorporated into the overall U.S. Department of the Interior ZEV fleet strategy.
Authors: Boyce, L; Bennett, J; Desai, R
Electric Vehicle Charger Deployment Optimization
8/1/2022
As consumers begin to purchase electric vehicles (EVs) in greater volumes, the need for charging stations will increase. A one-size-fits-all deployment strategy of EV charging stations will not satisfy all needs or economic considerations. This study investigates how many charging stations and outlets may be required at various stages of the EV market development in different regions of the United States to satisfy actual demand and to instill within end users the confidence that availability will be sufficient. In addition, this study aims to better understand what types of chargers will be required at different locations to optimize deployment while reducing overall infrastructure costs and accelerating the business case for charger installation.
