Publications

Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Attributes and Development

11/1/2024

This report focuses on charging and infrastructure requirements for medium- and heavy-duty (MD/HD) vehicles in addition to potential synergies with light-duty vehicle (LDV) infrastructure. As electric vehicle (EV) deployments are more mature in the LDV sectors than MD/HD, quantitative inputs for modeling requirements for MD/HD are also still in development. That said, this report presents more qualitative analyses than quantitative. Specifically, the report covers vehicle classes, populations, and types of charging; MD/HD dwelling at depots vs. residences; and en-route MD/HD charging infrastructure, including electrical and physical space needs, connectors, and payment, pricing, and grid considerations. The report also provides considerations for appropriate fleet targeting for vehicle electrification.

Authors: Bonnie Powell, Caley Johnson, Arthur Yip, Amy Snelling

Guidance for Ethical Engagement in and with Communities

10/22/2024

“Guidance for Ethical Engagement in and with Communities” is a resource for any organization conducting community engagement, including Clean Cities and Communities coalitions. The resource provides guidance on ethics considerations in the design, structure, implementation, and analysis of engagement activities as well as following up after project completion. These considerations help organizations safeguard the rights and well-being of participants and ensure the integrity and validity of the project results.

Authors: Nicole Rosner

Clean Cities and Communities Alternative Fuel Price Report, July 2024

10/2/2024

The Clean Cities and Communities Alternative Fuel Price Report for July 2024 is a quarterly report on the prices of alternative fuels in the U.S. and their relation to gasoline and diesel prices. This issue describes prices that were gathered from Clean Cities and Communities coalition directors and stakeholders between July 1, 2024 and July 15, 2024, and then averaged in order to determine regional price trends by fuel and variability in fuel price within regions and among regions. The prices collected for this report represent retail, at-the-pump sales prices for each fuel, including Federal and state motor fuel taxes.

Table 2 reports that the nationwide average price (all amounts are per gallon) for regular gasoline has decreased 12 cents from $3.65 to $3.53; diesel decreased 20 cents from $4.07 to $3.87; CNG increased 2 cents from $2.90 to $2.92; ethanol (E85) increased 3 cents from $2.96 to $2.99; propane decreased 3 cents from $3.45 to $3.42; and biodiesel (B20) decreased 21 cents from $3.94 to $3.73.

According to Table 3, CNG is 61 cents less than gasoline on an energy-equivalent basis and E85 is 36 cents more than gasoline on an energy-equivalent basis.

Authors: Carias, L.

Electric Vehicle Sales and the Charging Infrastructure Required Through 2035

10/1/2024

This report estimates the number of electric vehicle (EV) charging equipment needed to support the EV market through 2035. It projects the number of EVs on U.S. roads to reach 78.5 million in 2035 and that nearly 42.2 million charge ports will be needed to support the projected number of EVs. Approximately 325,000 direct current fast charging ports will be needed to support the level of EVs expected to be on U.S. roads in 2035.

Authors: Maiorana, J.; Satterfield, C.; Schefte, K.

ChargeX Prescribed Testing Program at CharIN June 2024 Testival: Outcomes and Future Recommendations

9/30/2024

In June 2024, the ChargeX Consortium, which includes the Argonne, Idaho, and National Renewable Energy Laboratories, organized a voluntary testing program for electric vehicle (EV) and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) manufacturers to trial new technologies in a combined space. This report documents the design and execution of the testing program, outlining effective strategies for future events focused on research and development for EV, EVSE, and EV-EVSE interoperability technology.

Authors: Sam Thurston

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Trends from the Alternative Fueling Station Locator: First Quarter 2024

9/23/2024

Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in the United States continues to rapidly change and grow. Using data from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling Station Locator, this report provides a snapshot of the state of EV charging infrastructure in the United States in the first calendar quarter of 2024 by charging level, network, location, housing density, and disadvantaged community designation. Additionally, this report measures the current state of charging infrastructure compared with a federal infrastructure requirement scenario. This information is intended to help transportation planners, policymakers, researchers, infrastructure developers, and others understand the rapidly changing landscape of EV charging infrastructure. This is the 17th report in a series.

Authors: Brown, A.; Cappellucci, J.; Heinrich, A.; Gaus, M.; Cost, E.

Effects of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on the Economic Vitality of Local Businesses

9/4/2024

In addition to emissions reductions, electric vehicles (EVs) and EV charging stations (EVCS) offer economic benefits to municipalities nationwide. This study, published by Nature Communications, analyzes data from over 4,000 EVCS and 140,000 businesses in California to highlight the economic benefits of EV infrastructure and the role of EVCS as a driver of local economic growth.

Authors: Yunhan Zheng, David R. Keith, Shenhao Wang, Mi Diao, Jinhua Zhao

Nationwide Port Emissions Screening for Berthed Vessels: Prioritizing U.S. Port Electrification to Improve Air Quality for Near-Port Communities

9/1/2024

Idling, at-berth marine vessels are a prominent source of greenhouse gas emissions. With the recent opening of port-specific federal funding, technological strategies, such as shore power, or plugging in and connecting at-berth marine vessels to the electrical grid, can not only aid in curbing these emissions, but can also improve local air quality for nearby communities. This report highlights specific ports where shore power is most readily applicable, and where it can have the greatest impact on air quality.

Authors: Tom Decker, Elise Sturrup

U.S. EPA Phase 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards for Heavy-Duty Vehicles

9/1/2024

Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) contribute 25% of the U.S. transportation sector’s emissions. To reduce these emissions numbers, on April 22, 2024, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published new greenhouse gas emissions standards for HDVs, requiring a 60% emission reduction per ton-mile of freight moved by up to 60% for vocational trucks and up to 40% for tractor trucks by 2032 compared with 2027 levels. This report details the projected benefits of the EPA’s ruling and highlights key elements of the plan, such as the emissions standards themselves, as well as finances, fuel use, electric vehicle battery logistics, and more.

Authors: Yihao Xie

Dealership Experiences and Outlooks on Selling, Leasing, and Servicing EVs

9/1/2024

Automotive dealers offer one of the most candid lenses into driver behavior and vehicle purchasing habits. This report highlights prominent observations from seven automotive dealers pertaining to customer electric vehicle (EV) purchases, elucidating the motivating factors behind customer decision-making when it comes to vehicle type, clarifying challenges and opportunities related to EVs, and showcasing resources, policies, and programs that may help to accelerate EV adoption nationwide.

Authors: Nicole Lepre, Jaclyn Lea

Hydrogen Policy's Narrow Path: Delusions & Solutions

8/27/2024

This report examines the growing hydrogen fuel industry within the U.S., providing key takeaways regarding hydrogen’s role in a clean economy, as well as a series of demand-side policy recommendations to boost hydrogen’s uptake in competitive areas, and its adoption in applications where hydrogen is less likely to compete with other alternative clean energy technologies. Where possible, the report offers technology-neutral policy recommendations to support a widescale expansion of hydrogen use. The report ultimately summarizes hydrogen’s use in 12 end-use sectors, detailing hydrogen’s emission reduction potential, infrastructure requirements, social impacts, and strengths and weaknesses.

Authors: Dan Esposito

En un coup d’oeil : les véhicules électriques (At A Glance: Electric Vehicles)

8/16/2024

Les véhicules électriques (VE) comprennent les véhicules entièrement électriques, également appelés véhicules électriques à batterie (VEB), et les véhicules électriques hybrides rechargeables (VEHR). Accéder à cette publication en anglais ici.

Electric Residential Carshare Program Final Report and Replication Toolkit

8/1/2024

This report details an urban, transit-adjacent, and free electric carshare program exclusively for households in an affordable housing building in Salt Lake City, Utah. In it, key findings, a full review of the systems and hardware used, financial impacts, and a replication toolkit to aid interested entities in starting their own place-based, electric carshare program can be found. External links, resources and our own source code for data analysis are included at the end of the replication toolkit.

Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Reliability, Resilience, and Location on Electric Vehicle Adoption

8/1/2024

The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law in 2021 directed $7.5 billion towards public electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. To ensure that this funding is utilized effectively, public EV chargers must be reliable. Following surveys that demonstrate buyers concern of public EV charging station reliability, this report examines the relationships between EV station reliability, station resilience, electric grid resilience, and EV adoption, synthesizing the impacts of each to determine what works and what does not work when it comes to EV charger development.

Authors: Bonnie Powell, Caley Johnson

Electric Vehicle Standards – Grid Service Capabilities: Evaluation of IEEE 2030.13, SAE J3072, ISO 15118-2, ISO 15118-20, OCPP, IEC 61850-7-420, IEEE 2030.5, and OpenADR

7/14/2024

This report assesses various vehicle-grid-integration standards and evaluates each standard on its support for electric vehicles (EVs) to provide for or participate in distributed energy resource grid services. The report highlights challenges associated with the deployment of standards and offers context for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies and distributed energy resource (DER) strategies for EVs.

Authors: Francis K. Tuffner