Maps and Data
Find maps and charts showing transportation data and trends related to alternative fuels and vehicles.
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AFV and HEV Model Offerings, by Manufacturer
Trend of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) models produced by manufacturers, 1991-2021 Last update July 2021
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Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel
Trend of vehicle models incorporating various advanced technologies or alternative fuels, from 1991 through 2022 Last update September 2022
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Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Vehicle Inventory
Alternative fuel vehicle inventory reported by Clean Cities coalitions from 2004 to 2020 Last update January 2022
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EPAct State & Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Exemptions
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) exemption requests and vehicles exempted from 1997 to 2021 Last update October 2022
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AFV Acquisitions by Regulated Fleets (by Fuel Type)
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) acquisitions by fuel type from 1992 to 2019 Last update January 2021
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U.S. Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales by Model
Trend of sales by PEV model, 2011-2019 Last update January 2020
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Transit Buses by Fuel Type
Trend of buses powered by various fuels in the United States, 2007-2019 Last update July 2021
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U.S. HEV Sales by Model
Trend of sales by hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model, 1999-2019 Last update January 2020
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Vehicle Weight Classes & Categories
Charts illustrate the vehicle weight classes and categories used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the U.S. Census Bureau, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Last update June 2012
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AFV and HEV Model Offerings, by Manufacturer
| 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| Acura | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Audi | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 15 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bentley Motors | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BMW | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Buick | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| BYD Motors | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cadillac | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Chevrolet | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 20 | 26 | 24 | 30 | 27 | 24 | 31 | 21 | 17 | 12 | |||
| Chrysler | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Coda Automotive | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dodge | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3 | ||||
| Ferrari | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiat | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fisker Automotive | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ford | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 13 | 19 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 15 | 20 | 26 | 48 | 38 | 25 | 22 | 32 | 35 | 44 | 33 |
| General Motors EV | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GMC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 14 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 13 | 20 | 23 | 16 | 15 | 11 | ||||||
| Honda | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 7 | |||||||
| HUMMER | 1 | [object Object] | [object Object] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyundai | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Infiniti | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jaguar | 4 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jeep | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Karma | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kia | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Land Rover | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lexus | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lincoln | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Mazda | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| McLaren | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mercedes-Benz | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 13 | 25 | |||||||||||||
| Mercury | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mini | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mitsubishi | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Nissan | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||
| Plymouth | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Porsche | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 13 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| QUANTUM-PROCON | 4 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ram | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Saab | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Saturn | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scion | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Smart | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Solectria | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subaru | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tesla | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 16 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Toyota | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 19 | |||||||
| Vehicle Production Group | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volkswagen | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Volvo | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wheego Electric Cars, Inc. | 1 |
Source: AFDC Light Duty Vehicle Search
The number of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) models grew consistently from 1991 to 2002 as flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs) gained popularity. The models dropped between 2002 and 2006 as manufacturers reduced the variety of FFVs available. The number of vehicles then grew 250% between 2010 and 2014 as the United States emerged from the economic recession. They then dipped because of the phaseout of FFV credits (in Corporate Average Fuel Economy [CAFE] Standards) and then rebounded over the next three years (largely thanks to electric vehicles [EVs]) to reach an all-time high of 261 models in 2021. Subsidiaries of the “Big Three" U.S. manufacturers (Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, General Motors, and Ford Motor Company) have brought nearly two-thirds of the AFVs to market throughout the past 29 years.
To view more details, notes, and acronyms, please download the Excel spreadsheet.
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