Maps and Data
Find maps and charts showing transportation data and trends related to alternative fuels and vehicles.
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Efficiency Ratios for Light-Duty All-Electric Vehicles in the United States
Provides efficiency ratios of on-road all-electric vehicles in the United States in 2021, based on vehicle registration data. Last update September 2024
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Electric Vehicle Registrations by State
U.S. light-duty electric vehicle population as of December 2023 Last update September 2024
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TransAtlas
Interactive map displays light-duty vehicle registration counts over time by state and fuel type
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AFVs and HEVs
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AFV Acquisitions by Regulated Fleets (by Fleet Type)
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) acquisitions by fleet type from 1992 to 2023 Last update June 2024
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AFV Acquisitions by Regulated Fleets (by Fuel Type)
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) acquisitions by fuel type from 1992 to 2023 Last update June 2024
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AFV and HEV Model Offerings, by Manufacturer
Trend of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) models by manufacturer, 1991-2024 Last update October 2024
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Annual Vehicle Credits Earned and Used by Regulated Fleets
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) EPAct credits traded and transactions from 1999 to 2023 Last update May 2024
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Biodiesel Purchases by EPAct-Regulated Fleets
Trend of State and Alternative Fuel Provider Biodiesel Purchases from 2000 to 2023 Last update May 2024
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Clean Cities and Communities Alternative Fuel Vehicle Inventory
Alternative fuel vehicle inventory reported by Clean Cities and Communities coalitions from 2004 to 2022 Last update February 2024
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Clean Cities and Communities Energy Use Impact by AFV Type
Trend of energy impact by fuels used in alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) from 2004 to 2022 Last update February 2024
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Efficiency Ratios for Light-Duty All-Electric Vehicles in the United States
Provides efficiency ratios of on-road all-electric vehicles in the United States in 2021, based on vehicle registration data. Last update September 2024
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EPAct State & Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Exemptions
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) exemption requests and vehicles exempted from 1997 to 2023 Last update June 2024
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Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel
Trend of vehicle models incorporating various advanced technologies or alternative fuels, from 1991 through 2024 Last update May 2024
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Light-Duty AFV Registrations
Breakdown of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) registrations by fuel type Last update June 2024
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TransAtlas
Interactive map displays light-duty vehicle registration counts over time by state and fuel type
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Transit Buses by Fuel Type
Trend of buses powered by various fuels in the United States, 2007-2021 Last update April 2024
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Types of Vehicles by Weight Class
Chart shows typical vehicle types within the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) vehicle classes Last update June 2012
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U.S. HEV Sales by Model
Trend of sales by hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model, 1999-2019 Last update January 2020
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U.S. Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales by Model
Trend of sales by PEV model, 2011-2019 Last update January 2020
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Vehicle Credits Traded by Regulated Fleets
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) EPAct credits traded and transactions from 1997 to 2023 Last update May 2024
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Vehicle Weight Classes & Categories
Charts illustrate the vehicle weight classes and categories used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the U.S. Census Bureau, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Last update June 2012
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Fuel Consumption and Efficiency
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Average Annual Fuel Use by Vehicle Type
Comparison of fuel use (per vehicle) among vehicle types Last update May 2024
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Average Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled by Major Vehicle Category
Comparison of miles traveled (per vehicle) among vehicle types Last update September 2024
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Average Fuel Consumption at Increasing Road Grades
Trend of fuel consumption at increasing road grades, for various vehicle types Last update August 2014
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Average Fuel Economy by Major Vehicle Category
Comparison of fuel economy among vehicle types Last update January 2024
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Efficiency Ratios for Light-Duty All-Electric Vehicles in the United States
| Overall (100%) | Subcompact Cars (1%) | Compact Cars (1%) | Midsize Cars (34%) | Large Cars (6%) | Small Station Wagons (10%) | Small SUV (46%) | Standard SUV (3%) | |
| City | 5.099212851798428 | 5.991782186933853 | 2.743058825470195 | 5.325588670132375 | 4.339888117455278 | 4.037401932238999 | 5.491534976714762 | 5.115875890378097 |
| Highway | 3.583078631413607 | 3.542794115251393 | 2.324120758568762 | 3.487990754165535 | 3.059514778214393 | 2.848384095533541 | 3.84308488152914 | 3.715775775863044 |
| Combined | 4.383576627607371 | 4.769860842802609 | 2.556690041994409 | 4.428636769130532 | 3.749203440585296 | 3.457864135650933 | 4.713565019654359 | 4.475865437702964 |
Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Electric Vehicle Efficiency Ratios for Light-Duty Vehicles Registered in the United States. Registration count derived by NREL using Experian Solutions in 2024.
Notes: Chart and description have been changed to reflect Electric Vehicle Efficiency Ratio of 2021 LDV in the United States by Vehicle Class
The Electric Vehicle Efficiency Ratio (EVER) provides a measure of how much more energy efficient (on a mile per gasoline gallon equivalent basis) a BEV is compared to a gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. Excluding vehicles from vehicle size classes without a market available BEV option limits the comparison to more similar vehicles. More detailed comparisons by class provide a more precise efficiency ratio for each class. This does not include light-duty trucks or vans. On-road EVERs are calculated by weighting EVERs by vehicle registrations. Overall, all-electric vehicles are shown to be about 4.4 times more efficient than gasoline ICE vehicles on a combined drive cycle. The efficiency benefit is most pronounced in city driving, where the efficiency benefit reaches 5.1 overall. The overall EVER is most influenced by the midsize car and small sport utility vehicle classes with the highest concentrations of electric vehicle registrations.
To view more details, notes, and acronyms, please download the Excel spreadsheet.
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