Maps and Data - Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel
Find maps and charts showing transportation data and trends related to alternative fuels and vehicles.
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119 results
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Vehicles: AFVs and HEVs
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AFV Acquisitions by Regulated Fleets (by Fleet Type)
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) acquisitions by fleet type from 1992 to 2022 Last update June 2023
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AFV Acquisitions by Regulated Fleets (by Fuel Type)
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) acquisitions by fuel type from 1992 to 2022 Last update June 2023
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AFV and HEV Model Offerings, by Manufacturer
Trend of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) models by manufacturer, 1991-2022 Last update October 2022
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Annual Vehicle Credits Earned and Used by Regulated Fleets
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) EPAct credits traded and transactions from 1999 to 2022 Last update June 2023
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Biodiesel Purchases by EPAct-Regulated Fleets
Trend of State and Alternative Fuel Provider Biodiesel Purchases from 2000 to 2022 Last update June 2023
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Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Vehicle Inventory
Alternative fuel vehicle inventory reported by Clean Cities coalitions from 2004 to 2021 Last update March 2023
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Clean Cities Energy Use Impact by Alternative Fuel Vehicle Type
Trend of energy impact by fuels used in alternative fuel vehicles from 2004 to 2021 Last update March 2023
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Efficiency Ratios for Light-Duty All-Electric Vehicles in the United States
Provides efficiency ratios of on-road all-electric vehicles in the United States in 2021, based on vehicle registration data. Last update June 2023
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EPAct State & Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Exemptions
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) exemption requests and vehicles exempted from 1997 to 2022 Last update June 2023
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Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel
Trend of vehicle models incorporating various advanced technologies or alternative fuels, from 1991 through 2022 Last update January 2023
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Light-Duty AFV Registrations
Breakdown of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) registrations by fuel type Last update August 2022
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TransAtlas
Interactive map displays light-duty vehicle registration counts over time by state and fuel type
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Transit Buses by Fuel Type
Trend of buses powered by various fuels in the United States, 2007-2019 Last update July 2021
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Types of Vehicles by Weight Class
Chart shows typical vehicle types within the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) vehicle classes Last update June 2012
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U.S. HEV Sales by Model
Trend of sales by hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model, 1999-2019 Last update January 2020
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U.S. Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales by Model
Trend of sales by PEV model, 2011-2019 Last update January 2020
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Vehicle Credits Traded by Regulated Fleets
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) EPAct credits traded and transactions from 1997 to 2022 Last update June 2023
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Vehicle Weight Classes & Categories
Charts illustrate the vehicle weight classes and categories used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the U.S. Census Bureau, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Last update June 2012
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Vehicles: Fuel Consumption and Efficiency
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Average Annual Fuel Use by Vehicle Type
Comparison of fuel use (per vehicle) among vehicle types Last update February 2020
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Average Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled by Major Vehicle Category
Comparison of miles traveled (per vehicle) among vehicle types Last update February 2020
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Average Fuel Consumption at Increasing Road Grades
Trend of fuel consumption at increasing road grades, for various vehicle types Last update August 2014
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Average Fuel Economy by Major Vehicle Category
Comparison of fuel economy among vehicle types Last update February 2020
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Average Per-Passenger Fuel Economy by Travel Mode
Comparison of per-passenger fuel economy for various modes of transportation Last update October 2022
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Clean Cities Energy Use Impact by VMT Reduction and Fuel Economy
Trend of energy impact by fuel economy improvements and reductions in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from 2004 to 2021 Last update March 2023
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Clean Cities Energy Use Impact through Idle Reduction
Trend of energy impact by idle reduction policies and technologies from 2004 to 2021 Last update March 2023
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Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel
| 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
| Ethanol (E85) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 22 | 19 | 24 | 22 | 31 | 31 | 36 | 34 | 72 | 62 | 84 | 90 | 84 | 66 | 45 | 53 | 40 | 25 | 14 | 17 |
| CNG (Dedicated and Bi-Fuel) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 0 |
| Diesel | 17 | 14 | 5 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 22 | 35 | 39 | 29 | 21 | 38 | 30 | 20 | 25 | 22 |
| Electricity* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 15 | 16 | 27 | 29 | 51 | 57 | 72 | 83 | 95 | 132 |
| Hybrid Electric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 19 | 20 | 29 | 31 | 38 | 43 | 46 | 31 | 44 | 43 | 64 | 81 | 127 | 149 |
| Propane (Dedicated and Bi-Fuel) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 14 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| Hydrogen | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Methanol (M85) | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (all years for AFVs); FuelEconomy.gov (all years for diesels, count all models and transmission types)
Notes: *“Electricity" includes both all-electric vehicles and PHEVs but does not include neighborhood electric vehicles, low-speed electric vehicles, or two-wheeled electric vehicles. Only full-sized vehicles sold in the United States and capable of 60 mph are listed.
This chart shows the number of light-duty alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and diesel models offered by vehicle manufacturers from 1991 through 2022. Vehicles capable of using E85 (up to 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) have represented the largest share of models offered from 2003 until 2017, when electric vehicles (EVs, which include both all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles [PHEVs]) overtook them. This was largely because the technology required for E85 vehicles is comparatively inexpensive and compatible with gasoline vehicles. 2016 was the first quantitative decrease in the number of new AFVs offered after 5 years of steady increases. Contributing factors to this decrease could be low gasoline prices, the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal, and the phase-out of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) credits for flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs). Since then, increases in EV offerings have made up for and surpassed the loss in E85 offerings.
To view more details, notes, and acronyms, please download the Excel spreadsheet.
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