Maps and Data
Find maps and charts showing transportation data and trends related to alternative fuels and vehicles.
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Average Fuel Consumption at Increasing Road Grades
Trend of fuel consumption at increasing road grades, for various vehicle types Last update August 2014
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Average Per-Passenger Fuel Economy by Travel Mode
Comparison of per-passenger fuel economy for various modes of transportation Last update October 2022
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Average Annual Fuel Use by Vehicle Type
Comparison of fuel use (per vehicle) among vehicle types Last update May 2024
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Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled in the United States
Trend of vehicle miles traveled from 1970 to 2023 Last update October 2024
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Average Vehicle Trip Length by Purpose (2017)
Comparison of average vehicle trip length by purpose in the United States Last update October 2022
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Clean Cities and Communities Coalition Locations
Displays coalition locations and boundaries across the United States Last update April 2024
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Average Fuel Consumption at Increasing Road Grades
| -5% | -4% | -3% | -2% | -1% | 0% | 1% | 2% | 3% | 4% | 5% | |
| Midsize Sedan CV | 2.212322749812019 | 2.36766164522267 | 2.495770064622012 | 2.636553348642097 | 2.982695746841343 | 3.213049168323817 | 3.794709942123399 | 4.368556382225906 | 5.025996675413267 | 5.585506182994677 | 6.114217819808835 |
| Midsize Sedan HEV | 0.06471518799422755 | 0.1207160001492086 | 0.3871097988083085 | 0.852631071086249 | 1.477828516727381 | 1.982395144086719 | 2.459731696562222 | 3.064530212926774 | 3.664884515843766 | 4.231399756380166 | 4.901545916710673 |
| SUV CV | 3.065539608604173 | 3.273855523510499 | 3.420836190911564 | 3.589394941202374 | 4.033754789367468 | 4.324228778886487 | 5.127724528576058 | 5.91483125776826 | 6.82831985483853 | 7.612961459419679 | 8.318293132500528 |
| SUV HEV | 0.1473609150416523 | 0.2839799317354622 | 0.7415337357049412 | 1.401011103070829 | 2.27142620109198 | 2.995425496301589 | 3.654543601245803 | 4.495553904190317 | 5.301192512295914 | 6.067823170637369 | 7.027572988237496 |
| Midsize Sedan BEV | 0.06835185897300808 | 0.09554780711770813 | 0.1870588137526468 | 0.3370352002267759 | 0.5681504177346842 | 0.7592989231518441 | 0.9200317010408517 | 1.136251942986255 | 1.336960439408474 | 1.515825263612701 | 1.777452401046374 |
Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Contribution of Road Grade to the Energy Use of Modern Automobiles Across Large Datasets of Real-World Drive Cycles, January 2014.
Notes: The majority of available data were for the 0% road grade. The amount of data tapers off with grade until it is not significant at 6% grade.
This chart shows how many gallons (in gasoline gallon equivalents [GGEs]) five different vehicle types consume over 100 miles as the road grade increases from -5% to 5%. As the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) go downhill, their consumption drops to zero gallons per hundred miles as a result of their regenerative braking systems. In contrast, the conventional vehicles (CVs) still consume fuel at -5% grade. On an uphill grade, all cars consume more fuel than at a 0% grade. For HEVs and BEVs, fuel consumption increases steadily as road grade increases from -3% to 5%. On the other hand, conventional vehicle consumption increases steadily as the grade changes from downhill to flat, and then drastically increases on uphill grades. Both conventional and hybrid SUVs were more affected by incline than their sedan counterparts, most likely because they are heavier.
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