Maps and Data

The number of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) models grew consistently from 1991 to 2004 as flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) gained popularity. Model counts dropped between 2002 and 2006 as manufacturers reduced the variety of FFVs available. The number of vehicle models then grew 250% between 2010 and 2014 as the United States emerged from the economic recession. They then dipped because of the phaseout of FFV credits (in Corporate Average Fuel Economy [CAFE] Standards) and then rebounded (largely thanks to electric vehicles [EVs]) to reach an all-time high of 325 models in 2022. Subsidiaries of the “Big Three" U.S. manufacturers (Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, General Motors, and Ford Motor Company) have brought nearly two-thirds of the AFVs to market throughout the past 33 years. The number of vehicle model offerings dipped in 2023 as manufacturers halted production of certain models because of supply chain issues. Mercedes-Benz had the most AFV and HEV model offerings, representing 14.81% of total model offerings in 2024. Bentley Motors offered 13.31% of total models in 2024, followed by Audi with 9.63%, Toyota with 8.89%, and Kia with 5.56%.

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