Maps and Data - Change in U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Registration Counts
Find maps and charts showing transportation data and trends related to alternative fuels and vehicles.
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119 results
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Vehicles: AFVs and HEVs
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Biodiesel Purchases by EPAct-Regulated Fleets
Trend of State and Alternative Fuel Provider Biodiesel Purchases from 2000 to 2023 Last update May 2024
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Clean Cities and Communities Alternative Fuel Vehicle Inventory
Alternative fuel vehicle inventory reported by Clean Cities and Communities coalitions from 2004 to 2022 Last update February 2024
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Clean Cities and Communities Energy Use Impact by AFV Type
Trend of energy impact by fuels used in alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) from 2004 to 2022 Last update February 2024
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Efficiency Ratios for Light-Duty All-Electric Vehicles in the United States
Provides efficiency ratios of on-road all-electric vehicles in the United States in 2021, based on vehicle registration data. Last update September 2024
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EPAct State & Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Exemptions
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) exemption requests and vehicles exempted from 1997 to 2023 Last update June 2024
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Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel
Trend of vehicle models incorporating various advanced technologies or alternative fuels, from 1991 through 2024 Last update May 2024
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Light-Duty AFV Registrations
Breakdown of alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) registrations by fuel type Last update June 2024
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TransAtlas
Interactive map displays light-duty vehicle registration counts over time by state and fuel type
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Transit Buses by Fuel Type
Trend of buses powered by various fuels in the United States, 2007-2021 Last update April 2024
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Types of Vehicles by Weight Class
Chart shows typical vehicle types within the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) vehicle classes Last update June 2012
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U.S. HEV Sales by Model
Trend of sales by hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model, 1999-2019 Last update January 2020
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U.S. Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales by Model
Trend of sales by PEV model, 2011-2019 Last update January 2020
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Vehicle Credits Traded by Regulated Fleets
Trend of State & Alternative Fuel Provider (S&FP) EPAct credits traded and transactions from 1997 to 2023 Last update May 2024
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Vehicle Weight Classes & Categories
Charts illustrate the vehicle weight classes and categories used by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the U.S. Census Bureau, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Last update June 2012
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Vehicles: Fuel Consumption and Efficiency
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Average Annual Fuel Use by Vehicle Type
Comparison of fuel use (per vehicle) among vehicle types Last update May 2024
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Average Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled by Major Vehicle Category
Comparison of miles traveled (per vehicle) among vehicle types Last update September 2024
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Average Fuel Consumption at Increasing Road Grades
Trend of fuel consumption at increasing road grades, for various vehicle types Last update August 2014
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Average Fuel Economy by Major Vehicle Category
Comparison of fuel economy among vehicle types Last update January 2024
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Average Per-Passenger Fuel Economy by Travel Mode
Comparison of per-passenger fuel economy for various modes of transportation Last update October 2022
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Clean Cities and Communities Energy Use Impact by VMT Reduction and FE
Trend of energy impact by fuel economy (FE) improvements and reductions in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) from 2004 to 2022 Last update February 2024
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Clean Cities and Communities Energy Use Impact through Idle Reduction
Trend of energy impact by idle reduction policies and technologies from 2004 to 2022 Last update February 2024
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Composition of New U.S. Light-Duty Vehicles by Vehicle Type
Trend showing the shift in popularity of trucks versus cars by year Last update January 2024
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Efficiency Ratios for Light-Duty All-Electric Vehicles in the United States
Provides efficiency ratios of on-road all-electric vehicles in the United States in 2021, based on vehicle registration data. Last update September 2024
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Energy Expenditures by Sector
Trend of U.S. transportation and residential energy expenditures, per capita, from 1970 to 2021 Last update January 2024
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Energy Losses in Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles
Breakdown of energy lost to various factors in light-duty vehicles Last update January 2024
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Change in U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Registration Counts
| 2016-2017 | 2017-2018 | 2018-2019 | 2019-2020 | 2020-2021 | 2021-2022 | 2022-2023 | |
| Gasoline | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 0.3 | -1.5 |
| Flex Fuel | 10 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 1.6 | -32.1 | -1.4 | -10 |
| Diesel | 4.7 | 2 | 3.2 | 3.5 | -24.6 | 0.6 | -1.7 |
| Hybrid Electric | 7.3 | 4.9 | 6 | 6.3 | 12.8 | 12.2 | 8.7 |
| Electric | 25.9 | 33.7 | 26.9 | 23.1 | 29.9 | 40.3 | 21.5 |
| Biodiesel | 13.1 | 1.4 | |||||
| PHEV | 26.3 | 25.3 | 14 | 9.7 | 21.5 | 25.3 | 11.5 |
| Compressed Natural Gas | -8.8 | -8.9 | -8.7 | -7.5 | -135 | -16.1 | |
| Hydrogen | 59.6 | 34.1 | 62 | 9.4 | -18.2 | 20.5 | 8.4 |
| Propane | 5.3 | -58.3 | -20 | 9.1 | 99.9 | -7.2 | -8.9 |
| Bi-Fuel | -43.3 | ||||||
| Other | -0.3 | -3.9 | -4.7 | -5.8 | -10.5 | ||
| Unspecified | -6.9 | -4.5 | -2.4 | -4.7 |
Source: Vehicle registration counts derived by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory with data from Experian Information Solutions
Notes: Bi-Fuel includes vehicles that can run on two fuel types in the same engine but is susceptible to differences in reporting. (Ex. CNG ~ Gas, Natural Gas ~ Propane)
The chart illustrates the annual percent change of light-duty vehicles, by fuel type, registered in the United States from 2016 through 2023. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) consistently showed the greatest growth in registration counts until 2020. This is largely because initial vehicle registration counts were low. Annual changes are more volatile for vehicle fuel types with small populations, such as hydrogen, compressed natural gas, and propane. From 2016 to 2023, the highest average percentage increases are from electric vehicles with 28.8%, HFCVs with 25.1%, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) with 19.09%. The largest percent decrease is found in compressed natural gas vehicles, averaging -174% because of very limited fueling stations. See relative vehicle population sizes at Light-Duty AFV Registrations, AFV and HEV Model Offerings, by Manufacturer, U.S. Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales by Model, and the Energy Information Administration's Fleet and Fuel Data. For a map comparing the density of light-duty vehicles per state and charts comparing registration counts over time, see TransAtlas.
To view more details, notes, and acronyms, please download the Excel spreadsheet.
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